Epic of Beowulf Essay - Foreign and English Translations and Versions o

Outside and English Translations and Versions of Beowulf  â â â â â From 1805 until the present there have been presented a wealth of rewords, interpretations, adjustments, synopses, renditions and delineations of Beowulf in current English and in unknown dialects due for the most part to two reasons: the longing to make the sonnet open, and the craving to peruse the colorful (Osborn 341). It is the motivation behind this exposition to introduce a short history of this advancement of the fame of the sonnet and afterward contrast a portion of the interpretations and regard to some increasingly troublesome sections in the sonnet Beowulf.  In 1805 Sharon Turner remembered a few sections from Beowulf for his The History of the Anglo-Saxons; he expanded the content in later releases. In 1815 Grimur Johsson Thorkelin distributed the total, however mistaken, interpretation of the sonnet Beowulf. Thorkelin believed that the sonnet was an interpretation made in the court of King Alfred. These two references show how Beowulf got its beginning towards distinction in the advanced time.  In later years progressively contemporary Beowulf devotees are distributing a variant in Hungarian (by Gyorgy in1994); doing photographic portrayals of the sonnet (Swearer, and so on in 1990, and so forth.); doing a reflective interpretation (Hudson in 1990); doing an Augustinian interpretation (Huppe in 1994); an interpretation dependent on syllabic meter (Greenfield in 1982); composing a novel, Eaters of the Dead, in light of th epoem (Crichton in 1978); retelling the sonnet as a stone melodic (Wylie in 1974); and the rundown is perpetual. Each approach endeavors to rework Beowulf in the neighborhood and contemporary expression (Osborn 341). With respect to interpretation of Beowulf into English and unknown dialects, both refrain and writing, in 1815 a Latin... ...hor Books, 1977.  Crossley-Holland, Kevin, trans. Beowulf The Fight at Finnsburh, altered by Heather O’Donoghue. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.  Donaldson, E. Talbot, trans. Beowulf The Donaldson Translation, altered by Joseph Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co., 1975.  Heaney, Seamus. Beowulf, A New Verse Translation. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 2000.  Osborn, Marijane. â€Å"Translations, Versions, Illustrations.† In A Beowulf Handbook, altered by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.  Rebsamen, Frederick. Beowulf A Verse Translation. New York: Harper-Collins Publishers, 1991.  Shippey, T.A.. â€Å"The World of the Poem.† In Beowulf †Modern Critical Interpretations, altered by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987..      Â

Figurative Language versus Literal Language Essay - 5

Allegorical Language versus Literal Language - Essay Example Figures of speech are words, expressions, or articulations that can't be taken actually, nor should they ever be. â€Å"A slap on the wrist† is a case of a colloquialism. Truly, this phrase intends to slap somebody on the wrist. At the point when taken in its metaphorical setting, as it is planned to be, the phrase implies that somebody has gotten a mellow discipline. â€Å"A slap on the wrist† is a fitting expression while portraying somebody who was discovered accomplishing something terrible, yet didn't confront any genuine ramifications for their activities. It very well may be misconstrued if the individual doesn't initially make it realized that somebody had been discovered participating in some type of unfortunate behavior. A similarity is when two totally not at all like things are contrasted with make an idea progressively reasonable. A similarity helps somebody in understanding something new by contrasting it with something that they know about. â€Å"I am as effortless as a cooler tumbling down a stairwell (Turner, 1998)† is a similarity. This similarity can be utilized to assist somebody with imagining how uncoordinated someone else is. A cooler would crash down a stairwell, so this similarity can portray a noteworthy absence of elegance. This similarity can prompt a comprehension in the event that it is accepted that an individual will truly crash and tumble down a stairway. A similitude is when two unmistakable things that share a likeness are thought about. Representations help to increase the importance of something. â€Å"Time is a thief† is a case of a representation. Time doesn't actually burglarize, however this allegory infers that time detracts from individuals. A suitable situation wherein to utilize this representation is in portraying an entry of time as a youngster grows up. Time, as a cheat, took the youth of that person as she entered youthful adulthood. This allegory can be misdirecting on the off chance that it is utilized outside of any relevant connection to the issue at hand and an entry of time isn't being thought of. A likeness comprises of the

How to Prepare a Marketing Audit to Shape Your Marketing Strategy

How to Prepare a Marketing Audit to Shape Your Marketing Strategy Much of the success of any business is riding on its marketing strategy. It may have abundant resources, with a management team composed of brilliant and innovative minds, and teams of hardworking employees diligently and passionately performing their tasks. However, the business will never be able to grow, and succeed in achieving its organizational goals if it does not have a marketing strategy in place.The growth of a business is closely linked to how its image is developed and presented to the market, and how it is able to establish a presence in that market. To accomplish that, there is a need to work on creating and increasing its brand awareness, which inevitably leads to increased profitability and accelerated growth.In the process, this will also widen the reach of the business organization and aid in strengthening the bonds established between the business and its clients or customers.The million dollar question is: what goes into the development of a marketing strategy? Bu sinesses devote a lot of time and resources in crafting a strategy that will help propel the organization toward its goals. Several factors are considered, and more than one or two processes are undergone. One of these activities or processes is a marketing audit. © Shutterstock.com | ESB ProfessionalIn this guide, we explore 1) what is a marketing audit, 2) the importance of marketing audits, 3) the different components and types of marketing audits, and 4) how to perform a marketing audit.WHAT IS A MARKETING AUDIT?In author Bruce Clark’s words, a marketing audit is “a comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination of a company’s or a business unit’s marketing” and it is “designed to evaluate marketing assets and activities in the context of marketing conditions, and use the resulting analysis to aid the firm in planning.” The planning that is referred to in that statement points to the marketing strategy, which will be documented in detail in a marketing plan.Through a marketing audit, data on the internal and external environment of a business is gathered and analyzed in a structured and systematic manner, and the results thereof are used to aid the formulation of a marketing strategy. In other words, a busin ess cannot come up with a marketing strategy unless it has performed a marketing audit.The marketing audit may be performed by members of the organization, aided by members of the marketing team, or management may go with the option of getting help from external marketing auditors or consultants. Since it is considered to be a prerequisite of a marketing plan, marketing audit is to be performed at the beginning, before the planning process starts.However, it does not stop there. Marketing audit is actually conducted frequently and almost regularly, which means that it is also being performed alongside the implementation of the plans.IMPORTANCE OF A MARKETING AUDITAside from the obvious, which is the formulation of a marketing strategy, a marketing audit benefits a business in more ways than one.A marketing audit provides management an in-depth look and evaluation at the marketing of a business, paying particular attention at how its marketing activities are planned, implemented and managed.A marketing audit pinpoints the marketing efforts and practices that are working perfectly, those that are not, and those that need more work. This leads to the identification of marketing weaknesses and strengths of the company, as well as its marketing threats and opportunities. In fact, throughout the course of the audit, management may discover inefficiencies that it never knew existed.A marketing audit’s systematic and structured approach makes the whole process of developing a marketing strategy easier. You don’t know where to start when making a marketing plan? Refer to the findings and recommendations of the marketing audit.A marketing audit enables the company to make corrections, or catch errors or mistakes before they can cause serious damage. A marketing activity is being implemented poorly? Then the company can apply the necessary changes and adjustments.Ultimately, performance of a marketing audit is in aid of the greater function of top management, which i s decision-making, specifically on matters regarding marketing. Any major decisions that will be made with respect to the company’s marketing activities will be based on the results of the audit. COMPONENTS AND TYPES OF MARKETING AUDITMarketing audit covers a very broad area, with the auditors required to look into. There are seven identified types of marketing audit, and they fall under three components or audit key headings: the external environment, the internal environment, and the current marketing strategy of the company.External EnvironmentMacro-environment audit, which takes a look at the external factors that affect the marketing performance of the company.Demographic factors, where you will take into account the demography of the consumers in the market, such as their age, gender, employment status, and others.Economic factors, which includes assessment of taxation policies and a look at the prevailing economic indicators, such as interest rates and inflation levels.Cult ural factors, which may also affect the marketing performance of the company, and they include the religions and beliefs of consumers, the lifestyle that they practice and how consumerism figures in that lifestyle.Environmental factors, which may include technologies and systems that are used and in place, and have a significant impact on marketing in general. Examples are the evolution of internet, the adoption of mobile technologies, and the development of new marketing and information systems.Political factors, which often have a tendency to affect the economy and overall environment of the markets, are also considered. Issues such as property laws, tariff regulations, and other labor legislation must be looked into. Political unrest and lack of stability in leadership in government are also taken into account.Task environment audit, which focuses on the factors that are outside the company, but are still closely associated with its marketing activities and operations.We take int o account the size and other unique features of the markets and the industry that the company belongs to. Here, some of the things that are considered are the nature of segmentation, targeting and positioning, and whether the company adheres to it.The customers have great power over the success of a company’s marketing, so it’s just right to include them in the audit. This involves probing into the needs of the customers and how they seek to satisfy these needs, their consumer behavior and what influences their purchasing decisions. It is also important to find out how they perceive the company’s brand, and gauge the level of loyalty that they have to it.The audit goes beyond mere identification of the competitors, or determining their number or concentration in the market. When assessing the competitive landscape, the areas looked into also include the level of growth and profitability of the competitors, their strengths and weaknesses, and their marketing strategies.Distribu tors and Retailers. How is your relationship with distributors, retailers, and other third parties managed, and what is the extent of the impact of that relationship on the company’s marketing. This is simply one of the questions that must be answered during the audit.Internal EnvironmentMarketing organization audit, where the staff or the labor force of the company is evaluated on their performance, with respect to their positions and functions, and the place they occupy in the organizational structure.Marketing function audit, which will review the core competencies of the company. It will have to review the company’s product, pricing policies, choice of distribution channels, means of marketing communication, and the role of the sales force. For example, with respect to the product, the audit will focus on identifying how it compares to the competition. It will also look into the price points of the product, and how they are compared to the price points of competitors.Marketi ng systems audit, or the audit of the marketing systems currently in use by the company. Examples are a Marketing Information System, Marketing Control System, and even a New Product Development System in many cases.Current Marketing StrategyMarketing strategy audit, which will revisit the company’s mission and vision, its marketing goals and objectives, and the marketing strategies that are formulated with a view to improve the company’s overall marketing. One of the main questions that must be answered after the audit is whether the current strategies adopted and being implemented by the company in its marketing are proper and appropriate, with respect to the resources of the company.Marketing productivity audit, where the auditors will evaluate the effectiveness of the marketing activities that have been â€" or are being â€" performed or carried out. The most common benchmarks used are cost-effectiveness and profitability.CHARACTERISTICS OF A MARKETING AUDITIn the performance of a marketing audit, it is imperative to keep the following characteristics in mind.The audit must be comprehensive, encompassing all the marketing issues that the company is dealing with.The audit must be systematic, following a sequence of steps in collecting and analyzing data on the company’s external and internal marketing environment and the marketing activities currently being implemented. The results of the analysis will eventually lead to the crafting of an action plan aimed at improving the markets and the company’s position in it.The audit must be independent, in the sense that the auditors are able to demonstrate an acceptable level of independence from the marketing department. This is to ensure their objectivity and impartiality which, in turn, will command the trust of top management.The audit must be conducted on a periodic basis, making it a regular business activity, instead of a stop-gap measure to deal with a crisis or troubleshoot a problem only when it ar ises.PERFORMING THE MARKETING AUDIT PROCESSThere are no fixed guidelines when it comes to the performance of a marketing audit. After all, companies are not all the same. They have different structures, and they have different goals and priorities, which means they are likely to have different reasons for conducting a marketing audit. However, the general approach in the performance of one is largely the same.There are three phases or stages in the marketing audit process, and they are:Phase 1: Pre-Audit1. Determine the key persons who will conduct the audit.The company has two options: i. Self-auditManagement forms a marketing audit team, composed of employees of the organization. They could assign the head of Marketing to evaluate his own department, evaluating the effectiveness of the marketing activities it implemented, and identifying the department’s strengths and weaknesses.If management is afraid that this will violate the principle of independence and will have issues on objectivity, the marketing audit team may be staffed with employees from another unit performing related activities or function, or he may also direct the executive with higher authority over the activity or department being audited to perform the marketing audit.In some cases, the company forms its own task-force audit team, which is composed of executives or members of senior management. Large corporations even set up an independent auditing unit or office, which will be tasked exclusively to perform marketing audits for the company. ii. Outside auditThis is simple and straightforward enough: the company hires the services of an outside auditor to perform the marketing audit. It could be an individual private practitioner, or an agency specializing in marketing audits.Between the two, outside audit is seen as the more reliable, since it guarantees more objectivity and independence on the part of the auditors, thus ensuring a more effective audit.When choosing people to perform mar keting audit, picking the audit team members randomly is not a good idea. Each of the auditors must possess the required knowledge and experience in order to perform the marketing audit effectively. They should also be able to demonstrate objectivity, in order to avoid biases and pre-judgment from affecting the reliability of the results of the audit.A point person, or the person who will oversee the marketing audit must be identified. Thus, it is important that the person who will be chosen to lead the marketing audit team have the necessary know-how and experience in the conduct of an audit.2. Determine the timing of performance of audit.Set the timetable for the audit: When will it start? How often will it be performed?For marketing audit to be effective, it must be conducted regularly or periodically, not just at the beginning of the preparation of a marketing strategy. Take into account the volatile nature of the market. This is bound to have an effect on the marketing strategi es. The company has to tweak its plan from time to time in order to make sure it is updated and relevant. That means that there is a need to perform periodic checks or evaluations, taking into account the changes applied or implemented.3. Establish the scope and objectives of the audit.There is a need to lay out the scope and objectives of the audit, in order for the members of the audit team to be guided accordingly.The objectives have to be clear as to be understood by everyone, especially those who are going to be involved in the audit. The objective will be your starting point, since it will be your reference when identifying the next set of steps in the audit process.It is also crucial to identify all the stakeholders that are going to be involved in the audit â€" whether directly or indirectly.4. Determine and establish the methodology to be used.The process that will be followed by the marketing audit team in the performance must be identified and established. This also inclu des the methods, techniques, and tools that will be used, particularly in data collection and data analysis.Phase 2: Audit properDepending on the methodology established prior, the main body of the audit process may include varying numbers of steps and sub steps. However, the main steps may be summarized into three:1. Data gathering and collectionThis is deemed to be the most tedious and time-consuming part of the entire audit process. It can also be quite an expensive endeavor.Research is, quite possibly, the most popular and tried-and-tested method of gathering data. Research sources include published data and other standardized sources of marketing data. Industry publications, for example, are a fount of information.Historical internal records of the company are also considered as primary sources of information, which is why they are subjected for review during a marketing audit. Examples are business documents and marketing records such as the business plan, marketing plan, trai ning plans, marketing budget and the organizational structure along with job descriptions. If the marketing department has systems and processes in place, these may also be used to collect data.Surveys or questionnaires are often floated to chosen respondents. In several cases, the marketing audit team may also be required to conduct interviews to get more data. It is also common to see members of the audit team going on-site for firsthand observations and walk-throughs of the marketing processes.Data collected will pertain to the three main components: the external environment, the internal environment, and the existing or current marketing strategy of the company.They will then be organized for analysis.2. Data analysisThis is the core of the audit process, where the audit team will build a complete picture of the marketing program, or the strategies used by the company, through subjecting the data collected to analysis.In brief, some of the tools used in data analysis are:SWOT (S trengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysisThis audit tool is used for analysis of data on the three components. The strengths and weaknesses are geared towards the inter environment and the marketing strategy of the company, while the opportunities and threats pertain to the external environment.Five Forces AnalysisThis tool developed by Porter is used for analysis of the external environment, particularly the competitive environment of the company. Its points of focus are the five forces:Competition in the industry: This takes a look at the competition. How many competitors do you have? How do their offerings compare to yours?Threat of entry of new players in the industry: Is the industry or market the company belongs to vulnerable to the entry of new product or service providers? How vulnerable is it?Customer power: What are the chances that your customers will decide to buy from the competition? What would motivate them to do so?Supplier power: Look at the relationshi p of the company with its suppliers.What are the problems often encountered in your dealings?Threat of substitute products: Is there a chance that the customers may find other products or services that will substitute what you currently offer?PEST AnalysisPEST stands for Political, Environmental, Socio-cultural and Technological analysis, which means it focuses on the macro-environment or the external factors. Examples of issues that the audit will include in its analysis are:Stability of the political environmentEconomic policy of the governmentExtent of influence of government policies and laws on business and tax regulationPrevailing interest and exchange ratesInflation levelsMarket perception of foreign products and servicesEffect of religion, language and gender issues on consumerismImpact of technologies in marketing, distribution and consumerismAnalysis should provide insight into the following:The performance of the marketing program of the company;The marketing team’s ski lls, knowledge and competencies, and their individual and collective performance;The alignment of the objectives of marketing to that of the goals of the organization; andThe execution and communication of the marketing programs.3. Preparation of recommendationsThe final output of the audit process is documented in what is commonly known as a “marketing audit report”. The main concern of the recipients or beneficiaries of the audit, which is often the management and the marketing team, is the Recommendations section. The recommendations will be based on the results of the analysis of information.When making recommendations, present them in a prioritized list, for easier comprehension by management and other stakeholders.Phase 3: Post-AuditThe Marketing Audit Report must be presented to management, who will use it for decision-making on its marketing strategies. There are instances when the report will also be disseminated to other departments in the company, especially if they a re indirectly involved in the marketing activities and their functions will have an impact on the company’s marketing efforts.It is to be noted that the recommendations are not going to be accepted blindly or easily by management. It is likely that they will still undergo lengthy discussions until all parties are satisfied and comfortable enough to make major marketing strategy decisions.CONCLUSIONIt has often been said that marketing is the lifeblood of any business or organization. Therefore, to keep the organization alive, there is a need to keep the blood healthy and flowing. The regular conduct of a marketing audit is one way to make sure of that.

Problems Faced by Soldiers Returning from War - 1332 Words

Problems Facing Soldiers Returning from War Soldiers returning home from war face a number of problems as they try to reintegrate into civilian society. They are transitioning from high-stress environments that have required a high-level of very specialized skills that do not necessarily translate into civilian life. These problems run a wide gamut, ranging from health problems, unemployment, family issues, legal problems, financial problems, homelessness, and behavioral issues (Prudential, p.2). Furthermore, it is important to realize that dealing with only one or two of the problems may not be sufficient to help soldiers who are returning from war; instead, helping soldiers reintegrate will require a comprehensive approach that addresses multiple dimensions. One of the first things that must be considered when a soldier is returning from war is what war-related injuries or health conditions have impacted the soldiers health. First, many returning veterans have suffered from readily visible life-changing injuries, such as th e loss of a limb or significant burns. These wounds will obviously impact their lives. However, many of the health problems facing veterans are not readily visible. For example, many soldiers experience musculoskeletal injuries; just over half of all veterans post-deployment health visits address lingering pain in their backs, necks, knees or shoulders, (Salamon). Furthermore, many soldiers have been exposed to chemical, such as nerve agents,Show MoreRelatedB. Dubois s Returning Soldiers793 Words   |  4 PagesW.E.B. DuBois’ â€Å"Returning Soldiers,† an editorial piece written in May of 1919 for the NAACP’s publication The Crisis lays out for not just returning soldiers, but for African-Americans as a whole that the war is not over. While the Great War of 1914-1918 may have ended, there is still a greater war to continue to fight on the American homefront. â€Å"Returning Soldiers† calls out the United States government on the charges against its peopl e as seen by DuBois and reiterates and rejuvenates the readerRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1509 Words   |  7 Pageswith a group of friends from school. Kantorek, Paul’s teacher, â€Å"gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went, under his shepherding, to the District Commandant and volunteered† (Remarque 11). After Paul and his friends underwent the ten weeks of horrific training, under the control of brutal Corporal Himmelstoss, they found out that everything Kantorek had told them about the war being illustrious was inaccurate. 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It faced inflation problems due to government printing money to pay for weapons, workers on strike, arms and shipbuilders became bankrupt due to lack of government order, and unemployment rose to two million as returning soldiers searched for work. Benito Mussolini, upon being removed from the Socialist Party for advocating Italy s participation in battle, organized the Fascist Party following the war. He gainedRead MoreSoldiers Home By Ernest Hemingway Analysis873 Words   |  4 Pageshad so many soldiers faced psychological disorder after a war as soldiers in World War I faced. Soldiers now had issues when returning from war with their mental health and suffered severe side effects from the war. How someone changes from before war, during war, to returning home from war is demonstrated in â€Å"Soldier’s Home†. 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Another important fact mentioned in the report is that more than half of the military soldiers from these are in a need of help but do not make their conditions public as they could be suspended from the army that can hurt their careers. A few months earlier, a survey was carried out on the mental health of the marines returning from Iraq or Afghanistan. The studiesRead MoreProblems With The Vietnamese War Veterans1609 Words   |  7 Pagesaims to find and discuss about the problems that the Vietnamese war veterans face and at the end there will be ways that can help, how they were treated and viewed by their fellow countrymen when they returned back home. How did it impact Countries/governments and who protested against the Vietnam War. All these question will be answered on the main paragraphs bellow. What was the problem for the Vietnamese war veterans? 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The Youth Culture Of Punk - 1710 Words

Youth cultures have been subject to a variety of changes since their emergence. Youth cultures that have endured such profound change include rockers, flappers, punks, hippies and skinheads. In this essay I have decided to focus solely on the youth culture of punk, and the differences it has been subject to when the subculture first emerged compared to in a contemporary context. In doing this I have decided to include information about the emergence and origins of punk, features or style of the punk subculture, how the subculture has changed since its emergence, contemporary punk today and why it is apparent that the punk subculture has changed. Emergence and Origins of Punk The punk subculture first surfaced in the 1970s and by the mid-1990s punk had made the transition from a secluded underground group or tribe of people to a more commercialized or mainstream movement (Haenfler, 2010). The punk movement first emerged as a way of rebellion and protest and an outlet for the youth of the 1970s to shock their adult counterparts. Clark (2003, p. 223) poses the idea that the beginning of punk was a rebellious act â€Å"which emerged to fight even the normalization of subculture itself, with brilliant new forms of social critique and style’†. This rebellion, anarchy or ‘calculated anger’ that Clark speaks of, resulted in a state of moral panic throughout Britain due to the raw work of The Sex Pistols which caused upheaval by media, parliament and the public (Clark, 2003). Punk rockShow MoreRelatedThe Band Called Greenday1489 Words   |  6 Pagestheir catchy punk rock tunes. Leading the way for Punk Rock culture, they were youths a nd 20 somethings’ outlet for expressing their frustration and angst with puberty, adolescence and the beginning of adulthood. 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However, true â€Å"punk† has long lived in the hearts of the youthful subcultures in America, the United Kingdom, and Australia, since the late 1960’s and early 70’s. During this time, Punk Rock, which was influenced by Rock and Roll, offered its upbeat compositions and in-your-face lyrics, which brought some intelligence to the get drunk, get laid mentality that prevailed. Much like a shot of adrenaline to a dying heart, Punk Rock regeneratedRead MoreIs Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right?967 Words   |  4 PagesSubculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right? Classically subcultures define themselves as other and subordinate to the dominant culture. Many cultural theorists such as Stuart Hall and Dick Hebdige have been chiefly concerned with the ways in which subcultures subvert and pose a resistance to the established order through their expressive dress codes and rituals. Dance music seems to depart from these theories of youth culture, since it has not establishedRead MorePunk Subculture1702 Words   |  7 Pagessubcultures often distinct through different subcultural capitals. This essay will interpret the notion of ‘subcultural capital’ thoroughly and analyses how it assists subgroups differentiate themselves from other social groups, especially focusing on the punk subcultural capital and its contemporary condition. Based on the theoretical foundation on cultural capital originally put forward by Bourdieu, Thornton further developed this notion ‘subcultural capital’ to make sense of the distinctions made byRead More Subculture Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesgroups. In analyzing the specific subculture of â€Å"punk†, these questions seem to fall towards the greater issue of â€Å"external vs. internal†. External indicates that this subculture is making a statement, merely through an image culminated on the exterior. Internal suggests a deeper, often political, and vigorously bold statement, such as protesting for citizens’ rights, rebelling against class structure, or publicly claiming a self- identity. Also, was punk a movement that said what it wanted to, and isRead MoreCulture and Music Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesCulture and Music George Gershwin once said, â€Å"True music must repeat the thought and inspirations of the people and the time. My people are Americans and my time is today.† Over the years, no form of art has attached itself to humanity more than music. Music has been creating and destroying cultures in the Twentieth Century at a very rapid rate. Fads come and go, but true music and the heart behind it never dies. The story of subcultures in and through modern music has to start in the

Critical Analysis Free Essays

Critical Analysis Free Essays Hannah Lucia Inkin – 11430532 ‘Trauma and recovery in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway’ by Karen DeMeester ‘Trauma and Recovery in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway’ by Karen DeMeester explores the characterisation of Septimus Smith in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway by highlighting not only the psychological detriments suffered by victims of relentless ordeals such as war but also the need for them to give value to their injuries in order for them to successfully recover. The article presents many supporting ideas. First of all, it states that Woolf’s narrative mirrors that of a trauma survivor. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is certain that imagist poetry and experimental novels of the post-war era â€Å"reflect the fragmentation of consciousness and the disorder and confusion that a victim experiences in the wake of a traumatic event† which inevitably damages any sort of faith the victim may have ever had about himself in the past and makes it harder to find realistic ideologies that give meaning to their life after the trauma. DeMeester then links this notion to the fact that the stream-of-consciousness narrative corresponds to the survivor’s perception of time which suggests that memories of such a trauma often exists in a present consciousness, therefore interrupting personal life and history. The event is subsequently such a critical incident in one’s life however not one to define Septimus’s identity. Furthermore, through this, Woolf combines the past and future with the present in a â€Å"continuous flow of narrative form†. However, DeMeester also explains that quite like the survivor who is also trying to find the meaning of the trauma, the readers cannot apprehend the text chronologically because the meaning of the text does not emerge from â€Å"temporal† relationships but â€Å"spatial† ones. Likewise, the idea that repetition is key to Woolf’s intentions of reflecting Septimus’ perception of space is then explored. It is suggested that this establishes a rhythm of futility which contributes to the inability in the novel to produce advancements in understanding and conclusions. Not only does this hold Septimus back from forward movements, but also from his recovery. Similarly, through this it becomes apparent that the way Woolf approaches this is ideal to depict trauma, but not necessarily recovery, which is what the entire novel is working towards. A valid argument is presented here as it’s stated that â€Å"modernist literature defines the post-traumatic condition, but the task of giving individual and cultural meaning to the suffering falls to later generations of artists†. Moreover, the only way for Septimus to recover from a private and self-reflexive view by reclaiming the past and piecing together fragments through a more communicable narrative. What drew me to this particular article is not just an ongoing fascination of the complexity of Septimus Smith, but the fact that his thoughts often ran parallel between what is considered sanity and insanity, which gets thinner and thinner. More importantly, he offers a strong contrast between the conscious struggle of the working class veteran and the blind opulence of the upper class. The troubles of the legitimacy of the English society he fought to maintain during the war were deemed questionable and DeMeester is able to intergrate this in her article. She mentions that it is Septimus’s idendity as a war veteran which makes him a powerful tool to critisise the social system – this is demonstrated particularly by Clarissa Dalloway and doctors who continuously censor him which symbolises society’s refusal to help him move on from such pain. There is a great deal of DeMeester’s article that investigates conventional psychoanalytical interpretation. In turn, Septimus being misdiagnosed with schizophrenia emphasises that he in fact suffers not from psychological pathology but psychological injury; this is what DeMeester believes many critics fail to recognise. Furthermore, this attributes to our understanding of war neurosis and the way it shatters one’s idendity. This inevitably leads us to delve more into the reason as to why Septimus is unable to recover. DeMeester makes it apparent that to recuperate, Septimus must communicate both mentally, emotionally and socially to validate the deaths of the soldiers he shared his experiences with and fufill a prophetic role by instigating social change. While this seems like a quick solution for Septimus’s ongoing problem, he faces a great deal of resistence from the community because his severe issues could dramatically damage the reputation of participating in the war. Again, this highlights Woolf’s critique of English society. DeMeester states â€Å"the community wants him to be the man he was before the war–the man who was willing to die to preserve the community’s social order† and in the end, his death is exactly that. Following Septimus’s death, Clarrissa Dalloway silences his suicide and devotes her life to repression by â€Å"per petuating the status quo†. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this can be seen significantly when she refuses to interrupt the Prime Minister and Lady Bruton’s conversation about India to inform them of Septimus’s death, to ensure it â€Å"will not dispel its magic or the illusion of harmony and order it creates†. In addition, this blatent hypocrisy is greatly unimpressive when Clarissa recommits to a life of superficial existence, a loss of idendity and individuality and social order she believes is so oppressive. This article proved to be an extremely beneficial to my understanding of the book, opening my mind to explanations I may have not previously considered. I believe it successfully explores the psychoanalytical details of Septimus while investigating the political and social flaws also. However, I do regard some of the imformation to be repeated at points – perhaps this is DeMeester’s approach to emphasising a particular notion, but Clarissa Dalloway’s charactersation and role could have been explored a lot deeper. Works Cited http://muse. jhu. edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v044/44. 3demeester. html Karen DeMeester. ‘Trauma and recovery in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway’, MFS, Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 44, number 3, Fall, 1998, 649-673. Please note, I have not referenced quotes as the source of the article in which I used did not provide any tools to do so. Word Count: 972 How to cite Critical Analysis, Essay examples

The Adventures of Life free essay sample

The bike started slowing, sputtering as it climbed the steep, rocky terrain. â€Å"Do a quick shift into a lower gear,† my dad shouted over the sporadic engine cough. It was one of my first times riding and the trail was, as far as I am considered, far above my level. While it felt like the hill was going to win the battle, I shifted into a lower gear and gradually made it to the top of the hill—a much easier place to start from. This was the second summer of dirt biking trips leaving us more experienced than before†¦or so we thought. The scene unfolded in slow motion. As we crested the hill, my dad and I saw my brother’s bike, which had gone over the hill first, lying in the path after doing a 180 leaving my brother in the bushes 25 feet away. Anything could have happened, and while we surveyed the site of the accident, we found that even though my brother had flipped over the handle bars, he was still okay, minus cuts, bruises, and sore limbs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Adventures of Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On dirt bike trails, there is no way to know what’s over the next hill or around the next corner. The risk and suspense of never knowing what’s next is what makes it exciting. I am a great deal like the dirt bike trails we use during the summers. Just as going up a steep hill requires a quick shift into a lower gear, I am able to shift gears quickly in life, getting ready for anything that comes up suddenly. Having fun, while taking risks, and being safe is the perfect description of life on the trails—exhilarating. Willingly accepting challenges, the ability to adjust to the needs at a certain moment, and the unknown all play roles in the dangerous sport of dirt biking. But it all depends on your judgment while participating. Using good judgment during the course of riding, and protecting yourself to the best of your ability’s, keeps me safe while enjoying the ride—just as it is in life.