Effects of Alcohol and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay -- Alcohol Alcohol

Effects of Alcohol and Fetal Alcohol SyndromeWorks Cited MissingAlcohol plays a major role in rescript today. It is constantly universe in our minds through advertisements, whether its commercials orbillboards, holidays, or even just at the popular social scene. Alcohol isconsumed for many purposes, such as celebrations, to increase romance, out ofboredom, or a way to relax. Alcohol is a drug that is depended upon by themajority of our society. Nonetheless, alcoholic beverage has very damaging effects, not only if does it ca substance abuse self-inflicted diseases resembling alcoholism or cirrhosisof the liver, but it harms unborn fetuses as well. Many women drink alcoholwhen they do not even know that they argon pregnant yet. Alcohol can cause affections such as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, FAS, is a congenital disorder which ischaracterized by a variety of physical and behavioral traits that result frommaternal alcohol consumption duri ng pregnancy. The term Fetal Alcohol Effects,FAE, indicates that alcohol is being considered as one of the possible causes ofa patients birth defects. In other words, FAE is a less severe form of FAS.Both FAS and FAE are the results of the use of teratogens, which are nongeneticinfluences that can potentially complicate fetal development.(Harris, p.85)FAS is due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy.Alcohol in the womans bloodstream circulates to the fetus via the placenta.There, the alcohol intrudes with the ability of the fetus to receive asufficient amount of oxygen and nourishment for normal development in the brainand other body organs. The critical time for alcohol teratogenicity is aroundthe time of conception.Effects of FAS/FAEAlthough alcohol is the only cause of FAS, there are unfortunatelynumerous effects. Infants with FAS may use up a derelict sucking response and anirregular sucking pattern early in life. Some doctors describe them asdistracted and fa tigued when sucking. Withdrawal symptoms such as prolongedtwitching, jitteriness, sweating, and hyperactivity have also been reported ininfants exhibited to alcohol before birth. (Timberlake and Birch, p.1)Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the leading known causes of mental meantime in the United States. Mental retardation is usually mild tomode... ...st bean increase in the number of women who abstain from alcohol during theirpregnancies. To reach that goal advance research needs to continue. There mustbe an improvement in public health surveillance methods, a refinement inmethods used for identifying children who have been affected by prenatal alcoholexposure, a demonstration in the effectiveness of primary prevention programs,and an investigation on the effectiveness of secondary encumbrance strategies,such as foster-care placement and special education strategies.(Centers forDisease Control and Prevention, p.4)Not all women who drink during pregnancy will have an infant wit h FAS orFAE, but if there is a 40-50% risk of harming the fetus, why chance it? Womenshould be more careful when drinking, because drinking often leads to sex evenif it is not planned. The outdo prevention for FAS/FAE is to either abstain fromsexual intercourse while consuming alcohol, or abstain from alcohol whileplanning a pregnancy. consequently sexual partners should use birth control.Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects are fully preventable and theresponsibility lies within the role of being parents.

Metamorphosis of Celie in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay -- Color P

The Metamorphosis of Celie in The Color Purple For community to be equal they strike a chance to become equal by self-discovering themselves. As we are growing older during our childhood we depend on our surroundings, parents, and peers to create our self-image. Within our environment we are always trying to develop new insights in order to identify, clarify, connect and account for our beliefs. Even the chthoniclying cause of dysfunctional relationships lies in authoritative events in our life experience. The environment in which one is raised and developed will have a large affect on the individual. Most of the people that succeed in life come from stable families, in well positioned environments. While those that are not fortunate enough often dont have the opportunities to overture to the top or even get a chance to self-discover themselves. Self-discovery is important because it is intended to increase an individuals self-awareness, and help them to identify their own bel iefs, skills, potentials, and talents. But when an individual is hale or destined to grow up in an atmosphere in which there doesnt exist a stable and firm family or environment, it will mostly be hard for the individual to self-discover himself and succeeded in life. These kinds of individuals that grow up under these circumstances mainly suffer from depressions, sadness, and most importantly from low-down self-esteem. They suffer from low self-esteem because they were raised in low standard environments. Their mortalalities are excessively sensitive to social rejection, humiliation, and shame. One of the greatest literary examples of this situation is Celie, the main fiber in the book The Color Purple by Alice Walker. Devoid of any and all respect, Celie, a p... ...as reborn as a different person. A person who not only had the courage to tell Albert off, but someone who left her husband to go with Shug to Memphis to start a pant factory, with two girls working under her. The book is truly a book about self-discovery and learning to love. Celies path is an expression of all peoples quest for themselves. The novel is the story of a timid fair sex finding herself. She did so with the love and support of the women in the novel who understood and loved her, under a safe and secure environment. Without this untraditional love a Celie would have lived her life shadowed by fear and pain. Celies journey through her mind, in an effort to discover her true self, is where the true greatness of this book lies. ca-ca Cited Klosowski, John E. The Color Purple and Its True Color. Houston Cronicle. December 14, 1995 42-44.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers fc

A big house, twee cars, 2.5 kids, a dog, a beautiful devoted spouse, power and a ridiculous amount of money. That is the classical American Dream, at least for some. One could say, an outsider perhaps, that Americans get hold of for the insurmountable goal of perfection, live, die and do unimaginable things for it, then call the product their own ad hominem American Dream. Is having the American Dream possible? What is the American Dream? There is one answer for these two by-lineions The American Dream is tangible perfection. In reality, level off in nature, perfection does not exist. Life is a series of imperfections that can make living really great or very unpleasant. Living the American Dream is living in perfection, and that by translation is not possible, thus deflating our precious American Dream. F. Scott Fitzgerald proves this fact in The Great Gatsby, through his scintillating characters and unparalleled style.           & nbsp   Characters in books often mirror the authors feelings towards the world round them. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in American history through the social relationships among his characters. The situations in the lives of the characters show the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America s moral values had diminished- through the actions of Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsbys party guests. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby still cannot dedicate his one true wish, therefore he cannot bribe everything which is important to Daisy. "..Their love is founded upon feelings from the late(prenominal), these give it, notwithstanding Gatsbys insistence on being able to repeat the past , an inviolability. It exists in the world of money and corruption scarcely is not of it." (Lewis 48 )                In the novel T he Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the uses of literary technique of symbolism to reflect what liveliness in the 1920s was give care, through Fitzgeralds eye. The image of Doctor T.J. Eckleburgs eyes is used to signify an ever watchful godlike figure. "Just as Wilson comes half&8212consciously to identify the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg with God, so the subscriber gradually becomes aware of them as representing some kind of detached intellect, brooding gloomily over life in the bleak waste land environ it, and presiding fatalistically over the little tragedy enacted as if in sacrifice before it." (Miller 36) The eyes not just symbolize a god&8212like being but also Fitzgerald himself and his negative views of 1920s society.F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby essays research papers fc A big house, nice cars, 2.5 kids, a dog, a beautiful devoted spouse, power and a ridiculous amount of money. That is the classical American Dream, at least for some. One could say, an outsider perhaps, that Americans strive for the insurmountable goal of perfection, live, die and do unimaginable things for it, then call the product their own personal American Dream. Is having the American Dream possible? What is the American Dream? There is one answer for these two questions The American Dream is tangible perfection. In reality, even in nature, perfection does not exist. Life is a series of imperfections that can make living really great or very unpleasant. Living the American Dream is living in perfection, and that by definition is not possible, thus deflating our precious American Dream. F. Scott Fitzgerald proves this fact in The Great Gatsby, through his scintillating characters and unique style.               Characters in books often mirror the authors feelings towards the world around them. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald suggested the moral decline of the period in American history throug h the interpersonal relationships among his characters. The situations in the lives of the characters show the worthlessness of materialism, the futile quest of Myrtle and Gatsby, and how America s moral values had diminished- through the actions of Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsbys party guests. Despite his newly acquired fortune, Gatsby still cannot afford his one true wish, therefore he cannot buy everything which is important to Daisy. "..Their love is founded upon feelings from the past, these give it, notwithstanding Gatsbys insistence on being able to repeat the past , an inviolability. It exists in the world of money and corruption but is not of it." (Lewis 48 )                In the novel The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the uses of literary technique of symbolism to reflect what life in the 1920s was like, through Fitzgeralds eyes. The image of Doctor T.J. Eckleburgs eyes is used to signify an ever watchful godlike figure. "Just as Wilson comes half&8212consciously to identify the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg with God, so the reader gradually becomes aware of them as representing some kind of detached intellect, brooding gloomily over life in the bleak waste land surrounding it, and presiding fatalistically over the little tragedy enacted as if in sacrifice before it." (Miller 36) The eyes not only symbolize a god&8212like being but also Fitzgerald himself and his negative views of 1920s society.

Interview with an Elderly Woman Essay -- Interview An Elderly Person

In the early 1940s Marie was born into a small tight knit family living in a small rural Kentucky town. Marie is at once in her seventies and has led a very interesting life traveling the country, raising four children, and shaping her chosen profession. Our interview sessions were conducted all over a period of succession, as Marie is very active and has little free time to spare.Early Life Her parents meet at a social gathering in town and where married shortly thereafter. Maries name was chosen by her grandmother and mother, because they loved to read the list was quite long with much contention over each name. If she was a boy her name would have been Francis, so she is very happy to have born a girl. Maries great uncle was a physician and delivered her in the local hospital. Her mother, was a housewife, as was the norm in those days and her father ran his own business. Her mother was very close with her parents, cardinal brothers, and two sisters. When her grandmother was diagnosed with asthma the family had to move. In those days a warm and dry climate was recommended, Arizona was the chosen state. Because her grandma could never quite leave home, KY, the family do galore(postnominal) trips between the states. These trips back and forth dominated Maries childhood with her uncles and aunts being her childhood playmates.Maries grandparents had an old farm house, which was one of many homes in which she lived, that she remembers most. The house was huge, she learned to walk, climb stairs, and find hiding places in it. The house had a wide wrap around porch with several wide sets of stairs both in front and in back. She remembers sitting on the steps and playing with one of the cats, with which there was a lot of cats living on the farm... ...anizing the boxes of memorabilia into albums for her children, if time permits. The only thing shell commit to is that everyone in her family will have a croquet blanket made by her just for them. When look ing back over her life, so far, she says not a bad life. Then again shes not done yet and hopes to have another good ten years. I leave you with her lifes message. Follow your heart. Life is not a straight line there are lots of curves, circles, and detours. Each and every understand will give you something valuable. Keep close to those you love and who love you. Family is so important. Always do your best, be honest with yourself and others, have integrity, be dependable, like who you are, transmute what you dont like, keep learning, keep trying, you are better than you think. (Rodrguez) BibliographyRodrguez, Marie. Personal Interview.

Debating Immigration Essay -- Illegal Immigration, Illegal Immigrants

Debating ImmigrationImmigration is the movement of people into another nation with the intention of living there permanently. After a four centuries of immigration have passed and people have moved from region to region, the breeding of different races has caused there to be over two thousand different races. The social construction of stereotypes has a far greater impact on race. This is what leads to discrimination and finally unequal treatment and even abhorrence among immigrants of all shades of skin pigment.Like the history of past colonists who migrated to the USA started in the early 1600s, most modern day immigrants are motivated to relocate far from their original homes for the desire to improve their economic situation. These people are known as economic immigrants, who resettle in other countries such as USA in search of jobs, farmland, or business opportunities.Americans often view immigration as a problem, even though the USA has been shaped by immigrants. Born A mericans often look down on new immigrants. Facts from the Encarta Encyclopedia states, Immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country, sort of then to be already among the established community. The vast majority of immigrants coming to the USA have come in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than ten percent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons (Encarta Encyclopedia). Americans do inhabit immigrants to absorb the benefits and standards of American society, but most of them do maintain some of there cultur... ...about the value of immigration and the labors they provide to the USA (U.S. Commissions Immigration Reform).BibliographyWork Citedcomplementary Blue Prints for an Ideal Legal Immigration Policy. Center for Immigration Studies. Mar. 2000. Washington. 17 Sept. 2001 Congressional Authorization. U.S . Commission on Immigration Reform. 7 Mar. 1998. 18 Sept. 2001 Microsoft Corporation. Encarta Encyclopedia Online. 1993 - 2000. Encarta Encyclopedia. 18 Sept. 2001 Reason for Immigration. Immigration Issues. 1999. American Immigration Lawyers Association. 20 Sept. 2001 Tibbs, Brad. Personal Interview. 20 Sept. 2001.Timothy James McVeig. One Life for 168. Tribune-Star 2001. Indiana. 19 Sept. 2001U.S. Immigration Citizenship Information. DV Information. 2000 - 2001. Commercial work website. 19 Sept. 2001

Debating Immigration Essay -- Illegal Immigration, Illegal Immigrants

Debating ImmigrationImmigration is the movement of people into another nation with the intention of living there permanently. After a iv centuries of immigration have passed and people have moved from region to region, the breeding of different races has caused there to be over two thousand different races. The affectionate construction of stereotypes has a far greater impact on race. This is what leads to discrimination and finally unequal treatment and even hatred among immigrants of all shades of skin pigment.Like the history of past colonists who migrated to the USA started in the early 1600s, most modern day immigrants are motivated to relocate far from their original homes for the desire to improve their economic situation. These people are known as economic immigrants, who resettle in other countries such as USA in depend of jobs, farmland, or business opportunities.Americans often view immigration as a problem, even though the USA has been shaped by immigrants. Born Americans often olfactory property down on new immigrants. Facts from the Encarta Encyclopedia states, Immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country, rather then to be already among the established community. The vast majority of immigrants coming to the USA have come in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than ten percent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons (Encarta Encyclopedia). Americans do expect immigrants to absorb the benefits and standards of American society, only most of them do maintain some of there cultur... ...about the value of immigration and the labors they provide to the USA (U.S. Commissions Immigration Reform).BibliographyWork CitedCompleting Blue Prints for an Ideal wakeless Immigration Policy. Center for Immigration Studies. Mar. 2000. Washington. 17 Sept. 2001 Congressional Aut horization. U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. 7 Mar. 1998. 18 Sept. 2001 Microsoft Corporation. Encarta Encyclopedia Online. 1993 - 2000. Encarta Encyclopedia. 18 Sept. 2001 Reason for Immigration. Immigration Issues. 1999. American Immigration Lawyers Association. 20 Sept. 2001 Tibbs, Brad. Personal Interview. 20 Sept. 2001.Timothy James McVeig. One Life for 168. Tribune-Star 2001. Indiana. 19 Sept. 2001U.S. Immigration Citizenship Information. DV Information. 2000 - 2001. Commercial Services website. 19 Sept. 2001

Dental

Tray setups Here is a series of tray set ups for some of the more usual dental procedures. either operator is different and the tray set ups need to be customized for the operator. Keep tray set ups simple. Also shown are some of the corresponding bench set ups that need to be prepared for specific purposes. Tray 1 Examination Mirror Probe Tweezers Periodontal probe Bench Patient card Pencil for charting Intra-oral camera set up ready to go Hand reflect for patient to view mouth Tray 2 Prophylaxis and fluoride treatment Mirror, probe and tweezersHand scales and/or ultrasonic scales tip base hit instill Suction tube Prophylaxis paste in ring cup or disposable serve well Floss Gauze squares Cotton rolls Fluoride trays or pellets and disposable dish Fluoride solution Model for oral health instruction Tray 3 Amalgam comeback 1 Spoon excavator Flat plastic Amalgam frogman Amalgam carver (every operator has their favorite) Ball burnishes Locking tweezers Tray 4 Amalgam restoration b ench Amalgam gun Dapper dish Matrix partner and band Decal applicator Wedges (where necessary) Amalgam capsule Articulating paper with holderLining material Tray 5 Amalgam restoration 2 Tray 6 Composite / GIG restoration Plastic instrument temple or polytetrafluoroethylene Tray 7 Composite / GIG restoration -? bench 1 Pellets or sponge applicators, Articulating paper Spatula blend pad Restorative material Tray 8 Composite / GIG restoration -? bench 2 Pellets or sponge applicators Tray 9 Extraction Sterile gauze bandage Tray 10 Extraction, mandible -? Elevators Forceps Anesthetic set-up Extra gauze bench Instructions for care after an extraction. Tray 1 1 Endicott treatment Endicott probeEndicott spoon excavator Endicott prescript For root canal therapy / root picking you will need to add the following instruments to the Endicott tray Lateral spreaders Endicott plungers Heat out instrument (for cutting and sealing the GPO points) Tray 12 Endicott treatment -? K files Paper poin ts Medicaments Cavity Mixing pad and spatula Periodical X ray films Guts perch points Tray 13 Rubber dyke 1 Frame Rubber dam clamp forceps Rubber dam punch Appropriate clamp Rubber dam square Tray 14 Rubber dam 2 Tray 15 Oral health education / disclosingLocking tweezers with cotton pellet Toothbrush Microbes Disclosing solution Baseline in small container Denture dish / container Air-abrasion -? tray Teflon instrument or temple composite Air abrasion head and nozzles Air-abrasion -? bench Similar to composite/glass-monomer set up Endicott -? tray Endicott-? bench Periodical films Rubber dam application Oral surgery -? tray Retractor Scalpel handle Peritoneal elevator Erroneous Bone file Tissue tweezers Hemostat Surgical curette Irrigating syringe Suture/surgical scissors Needle holder Surgical aspiratorOral surgery -? bench Scalpel blade of choice Suture needle and thread of choice saline solution for irrigation Extra gauze-sterile Mouth props if needed Surgical burs of preferenc e Extra cup of water to run through aspirator to avoid clogging. Denture trays Impressions turn registration -? tray Wax knife Wax carvers Bite registration -? bench Models Bite wax Matches Shade guide. Laboratory Job sheets Try-in -? tray Try-in -? bench Hand mirror for patient Denture issue Denture issue -? Bench The dentures Hand mirror Burs required for acrylic trimming.DentalDentistry isnt Just a professing its a way of life. Helping others is the best way to live, and thats exactly what you do. Blessed are those who hold lively conversations with the hopelessly mute, for they shall be called dentists (Ann Landers). We all dread our next go around at the dentist. Getting our teeth cleaned, drilled, pulled, and any other horrible exploit being done to our poor teeth. What our dentist is doing (besides invading our mouths), is protect us from any diseases that could otentially form in our mouths.A dentist is one who is skilled, licensed and practice the prevention, diagnosis, a nd treatment of diseases, injuries, and malformations of the mouth. There are many factors into becoming a dentist. To hold up a dentist, one must attend dental school. The dental school must be accredited by the American Dental Association (ADA). In order to be accepted into any of the 56 (2006) dental schools in the United States, you must complete two years of predental education. Most people clog dancing bachelors degree.In order to be accepted into dental school, you must first take the Dental Admissions Test (DAT). In the first year of dental school students normally take science classes like microbiology, pathology, or anatomy. In the next years the advance to more dental-based classes which includes going to laboratories and getting hands-on experience. Most dental students receive from a dental D. M. D or a D. D. S in four years. A work day for a dentist varies every day. The guinea pig is often challenging due to the difference in peoples mouths.You constantly have to build more knowledge due to the fact that each patient is different. Dentists slackly look over the patients records in the morning before their appointment. From there they will practice what is necessary on the mouth of their patient. Whether it being drilling teeth, extracting teeth, removing decay and filling cavities, to prescribing medicine. Due to their flexibility dentists get to choose whether they want to work full-time or half-time. Full-time dentists average about 63 patients a week.

Blades Corporation Essay

1. If Blades uses scratch creams to hedge its yen payables, should it use the call option with the figure out price of $0.00756 or the call option with the exercise price of $0.00792? define the tradeoff.The corporation needs to purchase supplies with foreign up-to-dateness. To hedge against the possible appreciation of the foreign currencys range, the corporation can purchase a call option. Both options have to pay a kickance for the option. The purchase price or exercise price of option A is $0.00756 summation a premium paid on this respective option of $.0001512 resulting in a total cost of $.0077112 per yen. The purchase or exercise price of option B is $0.00792 plus a premium paid of $.0001134 resulting in a total cost of $.0080334 per yen.Option A is the better option, relatively. Option B has a higher(prenominal) exercise price, though its exercise price is lower, the overall result is a higher amount paid for yen if the option is exercised. If the option is likely no t to be exercised, option B is the best choice. The corporation would only have to pay the premium price and not the exercise price. In this case, option Bs premium price is lower. The trade off is between a lower exercise price, higher premium price, option A, that better hedges against the yen if it were to appreciate in prize (exercising the option) and a higher exercise price, lower priced premium that reduces cost if the hedge does not appreciate in value (the option is not exercised).2.Should Blades allow its yen position to be unhedged? Describe the tradeoff.The case stated that the futures price on yen has historically exhibited a slight discount from the existing feeling come in. In this case, the exercise price of the option may be higher relative to the future spot identify encouraging the investor to let the option expire. If the option were to expire the corporation would still have to pay the premium and any other non-exercise costs. An unhedged position might be the best position if this were to go along be intellect there would be no premium charges. The disadvantage to an unhedged position is that if the exercise price of the option were to be in the currency, the spot exchange rate is greater than the exercise price, there would be no hedged stance against the yens appreciated value causing a higher cost to the foreign currency payable. Chap 61.Did the intervention effort by the Thai presidency constitute direct or indirect intervention? Explain.The Thai government is arduous to smooth exchange rate movements by encouraging appreciation of its currency through direct intervention. It is exchanging foreign currencies for its home currency in the exchange marketplace, this forget put upward pressure on home currency. Specifically, the Thai government swapped baht reserves for dollar reserves at other central banks and accordingly used its dollar reserves to purchase the baht in the foreign exchange market.2.Did the intervention by t he Thai government constitute sterilized or non sterilized intervention? What is the difference between the two types of intervention? Which type do you think would be more government issueive in increasing the value of the baht? Why? (Hint Think about the effect of nonsterilized intervention on U.S. interest rates.)The intervention of the Thai government is an example nonsterilized intervention because the Thai government did not simultaneously engage in offsetting the described exertions in the securities market. This would have resulted in the net money supply to be unchanged. Both interventions go out achieve the same exchange of currency in the exchange market but sterilized intervention requires another operation to prevent adjustments in the money supply. An accession in money supply, as would be the effect in nonsterilized intervention, would cause home interest rates to drop and makes more money on tap(predicate) for consumers to borrow from banks.Investors may transf er funds to foreign countries, the US, to take advantage of higher interest rates. This give increase the demand for US currency. The purchase of foreign-currency bonds leads to an increase of home currency money supply and results in a decrease in the exchange rate. The sterilized intervention is expected to have little effect on home interest rates because the money supply is expected to remain constant. As far as effecting interest rates nonsterilized intervention appears to be the better option. Chap 81.What is the relationship between the exchange rates and relative inflation levels of the two countries? How will this relationship affect Blades Thai tax income and costs given that the baht is freely floating? What is the net effect of this relationship on Blades?Thailands relative inflation rates have increased. This would cause the demand for baht currency to decline because exports have declined due to increasing prices. Exchange rate adjustments are critical to keeping rel ative purchasing provide equal over time as inflation rate differentials fluctuate. When purchasing power is not equal consumers will move to cheaper alternatives. Since products are on a fixed price level they are not adjusted for Thailands inflation increases. There will be an increased demand for Blades exports by Thailands retailers and consumers because these products have not been adjusted for inflation. They are the cheaper alternative comparable domestic goods. According to purchasing power parity (PPP) equilibrium exchange rate will adjust by the same amount as the differential in inflation rates between two countries, however, there are often deviations from this theory.Thailand uses a free floating exchange rate where a currencys value is able to fluctuate according to the foreign exchange market. Since Thailand is experiencing a higher level of inflation there is an increase in demand for foreign goods. Additionally, the demand for home goods is reduced. US currency wil l appreciate due to these market forces. The demand for Blades products will increase but the foreign currency purchasing these products has depreciated in value. This depreciation in Thailands currency causes a reduction in costs denominated in baht. US currency has appreciated, relatively. The net effect on Blades would be validatory provided that the loss in the foreign currencys value was offset by increased demand and reduced foreign costs. The magnitude of the cost/benefit however, is not clear.Chap 101.What type(s) of exposure (i.e., transaction, economic, or deracination exposure) is Blades theme to? Why?Blades is subject to transaction exposure, the sensitivity of the firms contractual transactions in foreign currencies to exchange rate movements. The net specie flows need to be evaluated by each foreign transaction. First, silver inflows from the sale of goods and change outflows from the purchase of components result in a positive change flow. This bullion flow is subject to a range of possible exchange rate fluctuations. Appreciation in the value of the foreign currency that caused a net positive cash inflow is viewed as favorable for the MNC. japanese components trade and other foreign meanings are also subject to exchange rate movements. Blades is also subject to economic exposure, the sensitivity of cash flows to exchange rate movements. Appreciation of a local currency would reduce cash inflows and outflows. Finally, Blades is subject to translational exposure. Components are imported from foreign subsidiaries, this could expose the MNC to different accounting practices biasing cash flows relative to US accounting principles.3.If Blades does not enter into the agreement with the British firm and continues to export to Thailand and import from Thailand and Japan, do you think the increased correlations between the Japanese yen and the Thai baht will increase or decrease Blades transaction exposure?If Japan was primarily used for export , as a result negative cash flows, this position would offset the positive net cash flow incurred by Thailands import and export. Since the currencies move in the same direction, a depreciation in currency would have a negative effect on positive cash flows and a favorable affect on negative cash flows. This interaction will help to offset exchange rate fluctuations and effectively reduce transaction exposure. On the other hand, if Blades has a positive net cash flow from the export and import of these highly correlated currencies, Japanese yen and Thai baht, Blades may be exposed to a relatively high level of exchange rate risk. This would increase transaction exposure. This result is due to the fact the currencies are positively correlated as a result the values of the currencies move in the same direction and by a similar amount. This would mean exchange rate effects would not be offset between the currencies if both currencies resulted in positive cash inflows.4.Do you think Bla des should import components from Japan to reduce its net transaction exposure in the long run? Why or why not?Yes, as discussed above, components imported from Japan, resulting in a negative net cash flow (cash outflow), will help to offset the positive cash flow from exports to Thailand. Since the yen and baht are positively correlated the opposing direction of cash flows between these currencies will help to offset the net currencies fluctuation in value. This helps offset transaction exposure effects because payables and receivable interact in an reverse relationship toward exchange rate benefits.

Medicine and Health Issues Essay

Employees in the wellness care system manage a wide variety of health issues and diseases. This course has provided you the opportunity to push back a broad look at many of these health issues. The next step is for you to look at how disease trends will influence the delivery of health care in the future.Write a 1,700- to 2,100-word paper explaining how demographics and disease trends are likely to influence health care delivery services in the future. involve the following sectionsAgingoDescribe the current age composition of the U.S. population and how it is expected to change in the next 10 to 20 years.oIdentify the factors that support this trend.Environmental factors changing demographicsoExplain how the aging trend is likely to increase or minify the health issues covered in this course. imply examples of at least two relevant diseases.oExplain what hind end be done to reduce health complications related to aging. Include at least two examples.ObesityoDescribe the current rate of obesity in the join States and how it is expected to change in the next 10 to 20 years.oIdentify the factors that support this trend.Environmental factorsChanging demographicsoExplain how this obesity trend is likely to increase or decrease the health issues covered in this course. Include examples of at least two relevant diseases.oExplain what can be done to reduce health complications related to obesity. Include at least two examples.The FutureoExplain how health care delivery will adapt in the future to provide care for age-related health issues.oExplain how health care delivery will adapt in the future to provide care for obesity-related health issues.Include at least four sources other than tender Diseases A Systemic Approach.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Comparison of A Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft and In the Grass by Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hülshoff Essay

Mary Wollst one and only(a)craft is a well know literature author in the Enlighten ment period of the 18th century, she tried to change the prospective of the union about women and succeeded to change the view of society towards women, while Annette Elisabeth who is also well known for her literary ranges and has was prominent in the Romanism period, the first half of the 18th century. Accomplishments and life of Mary Wollstonecraft & Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hulshoff Mary Wollstonecraft is one of the most prominent and earliest female philosopher, her works were also among the earliest forms of feminist philosophy.Ms. Mary Wollstonecraft was known as the hyena in petticoats(a vindication 1) just because she object the societys image of women, she said that the conduct book given out to women do not educate the women, it just made them silly and vain. Her literary work entitled A Vindication of the Rights of Women earned her the title of being the pay off of new(a) feminism, her work is also responsible for the Declaration of the Rights of Woman. Although she was a premature baby, Ms.Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hulshoff does not have pre-mature literature, her execution in poetry is highly notable and she is considered to be one of the most unique writers in her time and remained the most honored women poet of the century. Her poetry is still respected till this day and her literary works remains stiff and still have a unique point of view. Comparison of A Vindication of the Rights of Women and In the Grass A Vindication of the Rights of Womens clear tendency is to empower the women and give the women the same rights the society gives men, while the poem In the Grass speaks in the romantic side of things.While A Vindication of the Rights of Women is put encouragements on society to see men and women equal, In the Grass author is harvesting the plants she was allowed to study and is exceptionally knowledgeable in music and natural history. average like the Wollstonecraft, Doste-Hulshoff has also experience being under minded, in her poem In the Grass, she wrote sweetly laughter flutters down,/dear voice murmurs, and trickles/down like calcium hydrate blooms onto a grave (Doste-Hulshoff lines 6-8 p65).In the lines, she is stating that they, the society, murmur and laugh at her capabilities, their insults trickles down into the grave or rather drips deep into her, while in the literary work of Wollstonecraft, she made it clear that society is also undermining not herself, but all the women, that because the women in her time is only allowed to tend to their husbands and the girls to play with dolls and attend to their mother, they grow up copying them and acting the same way and not giving them the freedom to think for themselves and act like an independent individual she was meant to be, she will imitate her mother or aunts and amuse herself by adorning her lifeless doll (Wollstonecraft 666).After Wollstonecraft has planted all the se eds to ensure that women will be allowed to have the same rights as men have and died, is the birth of another strong bodied woman named Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hulshoff reaped most of what Wollstonecraft has planted. Although Wollstonecraft has succeeded in changing the societys mind of giving women a destiny to have equal rights, some people still resist the idea, although Doste-Hulshoff became a powerful poet, she was still undermined because of her gender but despite of their critics and they have both point the world through their literature that women should not be undermined. Works cited Doste-Hulshoff, Annette Elisabeth. In the Grass in Name of book. Publication Location Publication. (year printed). Print. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Women in Name of book. Publication Location Publication. (year printed). Print.

Ge Healthcare India

akManagement 3040 Understanding the International Environment of Firms GE Healthcare in India An Ultrasound go forthline? Introduction GE Healthcare India, a joint venture between General Electric and the Indian multinational Wipro Ltd. , was the commercialise acquiter in the echography machine market with gross sales growth of 10% for the previous fiscal year in 2007. The enormous market potential and General Electrics successful low-cost operations fitted well with the aggressive sales dodge that the corporation had established.Solely on a business point of view, GE Healthcare India had marvelous growth potentials in the still developing market, but the affectionate side of ultrasound machines was threatening to kill the prox of the industry. Initial Conditions General Electric entered India in the 1980s and early investments by GE in India gave their technology and business-service sectors crucial credibility and cash when opposite companies still viewed the country as a uncollectible backwater. Many even so credit then GE CEO Jack Welch with fueling the economic boom that would come to India in the 1990s. GE Healthcare joint-ventured with Wipro Corporation, Indias third with child(p)st computer software provider, and their activities included the design and manufacture of ultrasound s crapperners and cardiology products sales and service of medical imaging and information technology products parts and services logistics software services and technology solutions training-in-partnership programs and design, sourcing, and manufacture of diagnostic imaging systems.As a venture in India with $100 million in revenues, GE Healthcare was the countrys largest medical systems sales and service provider, outpacing its competitors which included Toshiba, Siemens, Philips, and Mindray International Medical. The ac caller-out began manufacturing and selling ultrasound machines in India in the 1990s, and took advantage of Wipros robust and spacious scat tering and service networks to deliver its product to approximately 80% of its customers. The companys diagnostic equipment sales in India had risen to $250 million by 2006.Ultrasound technology was the closely profitable market for GE Healthcare and was apply in early detection of fetal defects or complications during childbirth diagnosis of gallbladder disease or obstructions evaluation of split flow in blood vessels identifying abnormal structures or functions in the heart find kidney stones and measuring the blood flow through the kidney detecting prostate cancer early and increasingly, ultrasound was used in emergency room diagnoses.GE Healthcare had serve uped introduce ultrasound technology into the rural areas of India where only 20% of Indias hospitals are located although 70% of the population resides in that respect. GE was in any case making square inroads into providing affordable and quality health care technology to Indian patients. Having ultrasound available in rural areas had cut costs trem deathously for patients as well as fear, as the diagnostic tests were performed in the comfort of their get villages. Many to a greater extent(prenominal) good deal were getting medical at being they needed.A major social issue was the use of ultrasound machines as tools in prenatal exciteuality determination and the essenceing abortions of female fetuses. The 2001 Indian census revealed that there were only 927 girls to e rattling 1000 boys, compared to 962 girls to 1000 boys twenty years earlier. A December 2006 UNICEF report give tongue to that 7 000 fewer girls than judge were born daily in India. A study by the British medical journal Lancet indicated that prenatal sex determination and selective abortion probably accounted for nearly all the deficit in the tour of girls born as second or third children aft(prenominal) previous female births. If such trends continued, umpteen social scientists predicted social upheaval, even war. I n India many families preferred sons to daughters for a variety of reasons, including cultural taboos. Boys continued the family call and bloodline, earned money, looked after the family, and took care of parents in their old age, while girls were just a burden that was to be deployed to an other(a) family when the child became of age. In Hindoo tradition, a son was supposed to light his parents funeral pyre so literally al nigh from creation to cremation, women are discriminated against.Even before the development of modern technology, baby girls were often the victims of infanticide go away to die or killed shortly after birth by gruesome means. Infanticide decreased with the introduction of ultrasound machines as aborting female fetuses became commonplace. There were no Hindu restrictions on abortion, and only minimal legal constraint. The Indian administration has tried to pass many laws restricting sex selection. The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Act in 1996 outlaw the u se of technology, such as ultrasounds and sonograms for the purpose of sex-selective abortion.With the ineffectiveness of the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, the government started a Respect for Girls campaign through which mothers with daughters received twice as a great deal money as the mothers of boys. Some districts provided girls from poor families a place to live, free schooling and supplies. Currently, GE Healthcare has a number of cases against it and is fighting in court of law to clear its name. The company was accused of selling ultrasound machines to quacks, as it offered cheap credit that made the machines affordable to most doctors.The company faced legal issues, anxious government restrictions, pushback from activities for what they considered its aggressive sales tactics, and a myriad of business problems. The company had taken steps to minimize illegal use of the machines. It had educated its salespeople about the government restrictions, required affidavit s from its customers stating that they would not use the machines to predetermine a fetus sex, and conducted frequent audits to ensure that its clients were in compliance.In 2004, the first year that GE Healthcare took these steps, the company admitted that its sales had shrunk by 10%, particularly in the low-end Indian market but sales had rebounded by 2006. Analysis India is a fast developing country, with a large population, where healthcare needs are growing at a rapid count. Continued development of the countrys infrastructure allows for companies to reach the large market of 70% of the population that lives in the rural areas. Low frequency of hospitals in the country side is a potential problem, but as industrialization spreads, the number of hospitals leave increase.Sales in the ultrasound industry for GE Healthcare were up by 10% and a projected 20% for the following year looked more than achievable. GEs joint-venture with Wipro Corporation puts the company as a forerunne r in the ultrasound market as it takes advantage of Wipros robust and extensive distribution and service networks. The $77 million ultrasound industry is set to grow further and GE Healthcare is in pole position to lead the pack. The social unrest against ultrasound machines due to the come up abortion rates of female fetuses threatens to slow down the industry.The high rate use of the machine to end the gender of fetuses undermines the other very helpful uses that the ultrasounds provide. Government regulations against ultrasounds and the Respect for Girls campaign provide yob road blocks for all major players. GE Healthcare is at a cross road where it has to choose between revenue and social responsibility. Or be able to distinguish itself from the misuse of ultrasound machines and prove that this is a government, not an industry problem. A decision over whether the production of ultrasound machines in such an environment fits with GEs mission and values is live to be made.Wou ld GEs strong position lead it to a sudden and fast fall or would it help lead the company out of this mess? Such a peculiar situation seems to have major road blocks at all directions. Options The success of GE Healthcare in the ultrasound industry and its recent increase in revenue provide a strong case for the company to continue implementing its aggressive sales strategy. The company is attraction in industry revenue and sales and has access to a well developed distribution network, unlike its competitors. The advantage gained in the past decade is disenfranchised to be given up.A continuation of the current strategy has a few benefits. First and foremost, the company furnish will be pleased that their target finish is being pursued and, possibly, achieved. This will increase the interest in India and provide larger investments that could help expand the business exponentially. Having the funds to utilize the enormous afterlife potential of the industry would expand the gap between GE Healthcare and its competitors and establish it as the undisputed number one in the ultrasound Indian market.If a rise of 10% occurred during economic times that were becoming more and more difficult in the Western world, than Indias importance to the company headquarters could become enormous. While the company might sustain a decrease in revenue elsewhere in the world, in India it can rely on a steady growth that could help stabilize the global impact of the recession. Cheap labor costs, and potential increase in sales due to the spread of more and more hospitals, can even help GE Healthcare surpass that 20% target growth rate. Another major commanding that would result from this strategy is that it will help India with its social problems.Every society has its flaws and banning something that is very helpful because of the actions of some people seems wrong. Ultrasounds are used for many more things other than scanning for the gender of a fetus. Major medical uses i nclude diagnosis of gallbladder disease or obstructions evaluation of blood flow in blood vessels identifying abnormal structures or functions in the heart detecting kidney stones and measuring the blood flow through the kidney detecting prostate cancer early and increasingly, ultrasound was used in emergency room iagnoses. All of these procedures may help relieve pain and save many lives, especially in the rural areas of the country. With an increased storm by the popularity of ultrasound machines, the government would be forced to finally start implementing its laws and decrease substantially the illegal use of the machines. A company should not be held responsible for illegal uses of its otherwise very beneficial product, and the Indian government should understand that and deal with the matter appropriately.On the other hand, a negative social and political response could damage GE Healthcares strong industry positions. The higher you are, the further you fall, and as the comp any is an industry leader, it could suffer the most significant losses when compared to its competitors. Social pressure to stop the use of ultrasound machines could spread and turn into anger against the companies producing the machines. When childrens lives are at stake, nothing is more important, even in the Indian society where there is a clear negativity against girl babies.It often happens that social problems of a society are transferred onto innocent business community and kill off a large money-making industrial sector. Another option that the company could take is to stop giving out cheap credit to customers that cant afford to buy the machine in one installment. Such an option could turn out to be a double-edged knife, but it could help the company gain some much needed ground with the government. A decrease in sales might follow, but the brand GE will be preserved and disassociated from the baby girl problem that India has faced for centuries.The biggest advantage of ta king such a route would be to ease off the social pressure from local scientists that GE Healthcare receives. The company is presently accused of exploiting the demand for boy children and such negative furtherance hurts the corporations picture in the grand scheme. Customers that tend to use credit to buy ultrasound machines are usually those that practice medicine by themselves and not in a hospital and are more prone to doing illegal practices. Currently India has very few hospitals in the rural areas which leaves many people with limited health care.But as the country continues its rapid development, more and more hospitals will open which would bring a square new market to the industry. The new hospitals would want good publicity and would not want to be associated with companies that sell their products to quacks. Although in the short run sales will suffer, in the great run such a strategy seems to bring more benefits than harm. A much needed good publicity will not onl y help the company repair its image, but it could withal help with the judicial problems that GE Healthcare is currently under.A decrease in sales to people that cant afford an ultrasound system would most likely reduce the illegal practices of ultrasound machines in the rural areas and ease off the pressure a little bit that the industry faces. Sometimes it is more beneficial to suffer a temporary setback and preserve what you have, than to keep pushing and lose everything. A completely different approach available to GE Healthcare is the discontinuation of ultrasound machines. Although this is the companys best selling product, a stoppage of sales would completely erase the social pressure and impress the company to focus on its other products.Losing ground in one place could sometimes pave a path for expansion in other areas. Obviously, the most important advantage of discounting the sale of ultrasound machines would be that many more girl fetuses will be saved and the company would be doing the right hand moral thing. At the end of the day, saving lives is the greatest thing tanyone could do, and not many options to do so can be bypassed. Such a conk would most likely help terminate all court cases that the company faces and free it to exploit other marketing options.It is very hard to pay attention to other industries when one casts such a large shadow over them. That is exactly what ultrasound machines seem to be doing due to their high demand and childlike use. The biggest disadvantage would undoubtedly be the enormous loss of sales and the loss of ground to industry competitors that could affect other medical sectors as well. Not to be overlooked is the enormous market growth that lies ahead of this large countrys future. Business is run to make money, and such opportunities dont cede themselves very often.GE Healthcares joint-venture with Wipar could also suffer as the local company would see no benefit to continue business with a company that c rumbles under social pressure. It will most likely break off and look to pair up with a different industry player, leaving GE without Wipars distribution network. Recommendations What should the company do to meet its goals, remain socially responsible, and get over its court cases and media bombardment? It is very difficult to make a decision when so many factors are in place and so much lies on the line.Are money or the unborn babies more important? Would a retreat ease off the killings of girl fetuses? And would other companies follow suit and drop off or ride the storm and reap the benefits from the distant brighter future? Usually, at the end of the storm, there is a golden sky. The brave prevail and the weak crumble and dont ever regroup. GE Healthcare is currently in a very strong position in a growing industry that will bring enormous profits for the company in the future. It is not selling anything dangerous, but rather a product that saves lives everywhere around the world .GE Healthcare has helped India with its sudden economic rise in the 1980s and 1990s, and there is no reason for it to run away when it is in such a profitable decision. The recent 10% revenue increase rate shows that the industry is very healthy with a lot of potential. A very large part of the Indian population is currently not provided for medically, which is an enormous potential market. The current tough economic times around the world would slow down sales elsewhere, but not in a country that is developing in such a fast rate, especially medically.GE Healthcare is more than able to meet its goals and continue improving and innovating and gain even more ground in the ultrasound industry. The biggest and only real issue that the whole industry faces is the significantly lower numbers of girls being born when compared to boys. Many social scientists blame the ultrasound machines for this and tend to overlook the cruel and gruesome ways that families have found to put to death alr eady born babies. The problem is not current, but rather centuries old, long before GE decided to enter the Indian market.Most importantly, this is a social and governmental problem. GE Healthcare is not a government entity to be expected to be socially responsible for everything, although it is trying its best to do so. Campaigns like Respect for Girls that are aimed at increasing social awareness of a rising problem are exactly what the government and not GE Healthcare should do. If the company decides to pull away of the industry, there is no guarantee that its current competitors would do the same. In fact, it is far more likely that they take advantage of the new potential customers and make GEs pull out pointless.But even if the whole industry gets banned, which is highly unlikely, the Indian families will sadly find ways to continue their centuries old traditions and seek baby boys instead of girls. One thing that the company should do to ease off the media pressure and meet its image of being socially responsible is to raise its credit interests and force cheap doctors to stop purchase for illegal purposes. The affidavits that the company makes all customers sign shows that the company is aware of the social problem and is helping out in any way it can.It can also emphasize on the other important uses of ultrasound machines and make people aware of the enormous health benefits that the machine provides. GE Healthcare has done a lot for India, being one of the first foreign businesses to enter and invest in the country. It has paved the way for other companies to enter the country in many different industries and India should be grateful to GE for helping it jump-start its development and not blame it on social issues that have existed for a long time.At the end of the day, the company entered India to make money. It is doing so by providing the country with a product that can decrease the mortality rate and increase the average lifespan of people if u sed correctly. It is also morally responsible by keeping track of its machines and trying to sell them only to qualified customers. An increase in the credit rate for those that need it to buy the machines could decrease media pressure and prove that GE Healthcare is doing whatever it can to remain socially responsible and keep a positive brand image.

Inventory Stratification Essay

Creating shareholder value is the ultimate goal of solely businesses, so all processes should be directly tied to it.(1) The wholesale distributors core business process framework is a collection of process groups called 7S source, banal, sell, ship, show range of a function planning, and support suffices. Linking these process groups to shareholder value are the process metrics percentage of slow base descent and the financial framework. This framework consists of the financial elements inventory the financial key performance indicators GMROII and the financial drivers profitability. Inventory stratification is a specific business process under the inventory management subgroup in the stock process of 7S. Like most processes there is a common, good, and best practice for inventory stratification. Inventory stratification which includes the GMROII (gross margin return on inventory investment) regularity of A, B, C, D, X and Y items is considered best practice. A, B, C, and D represent items in inventory ranked by percentage of profitability from higher profitability down to nobody profitability respectively.X and Y represent items with zero inventories, X represents items with gross margin dollars and Y represents items without any gross margin dollars. GMROII focuses on the items profitability do it a financial driver and is considered best practice. However, for optimal inventory stratification solutions, the final rank should include a combination method of the GMROII method sales volume method representative of customer-centric data and the hits method representative of logistics based data. Once the weighted combination data is compiled, best practices can be implement throughout all the 7S processgroups and in every section of the financial framework linking inventory stratification (process) directly to four financial drivers asset efficiency, profitability, bills flow, and growth. These four financial drivers increase ROI (sharehold er value). With inventory stratification complete sourcing has integral data to complete best practice process metrics for provider management. provider stratification can help a firm modify their supplier base into one that is profit fitting and efficient for all channels within the supply chain.Supplier scorecards can be created which leads to numerous financial elements being increased. Inventory stratification is key for best practice levels in determining the right yield of suppliers as inventory stratification status of the product in terms of movement and profitability. This indirectly defines the required customer service level as well. With supplier performance improvement, higher satisfaction rates evolve both with the distributor and go on more with the customer.. If the distributor is tracking the suppliers performance and is able to having periodic meetings with their suppliers based on the results of the scorecards this will drive efficiency and supplier performance improvement. Also, higher supply chain reliability occurs since the supplier knows where the distributors need increased satisfaction levels to be able to continue servicing their customer at high standards.If the scorecard says the supplier is lacking in the field of battle of competitive pricing the distributor then has the data to begin price negotiations. This knowledge allows sourcing through the subgroup supplier management to eliminate suppliers who only provide C and D items finding the right number of suppliers for the organization. Eliminating C and D items reduces inventory and increases GMROII. You now have the option of reinvesting the resulting capital into A and B items, paying rear end loans, or other business opportunities. In the debt reduction case, the impact can be readily seen on the balance sheet. The investment in A items leads to further sales opportunities. The reinvestments and its associated expected inventory turns will help in calculating additional revenue and resulting improvement in EBITDA. Reinvestments can also be for capital purchases to position the business for future growth.Inventory stratification also affects the ship and store segments of the 7S process group. With the knowledge that can be obtained from the data slow moving items can beremoved from branch inventory and a Regional Distribution Center (RDC) may be implemented. This allows the branches to carry more A or B items, or simply to reduce their inventory cost. RDCs are usually able to operate with less inventory by sales volume. campaign expense is also reduced driving profitability to the shareholders. Inventory stratification is the primary driver for sales calculate and helps populate fill rates by rank. Forecasted demand combined with lead time and safety stock is the primary component to reorder point. Inventory stratification minimizes the normally time consuming forecast process both with information systems resources and with human resources.The best practice forecasting model is driven off the inventory stratification and is therefore driven by the sell segment, this numerically factual forecast will be void of the emotional forecasting of the sales force. Marketing can use the inventory stratification to process what customers needs are or what customers are interested in. Inventory stratification is integral in both customer stratification which once immaculate and redeployment of the sales force has occurred additional revenues are recognized and cost to serve are reduced again driving profit to shareholders. Customer service often drives large, inefficient inventories in an attempt to be all things to all people. Shareholder value seeks to carry only profitable products, at reasonable levels, producing maximal sales, while also increasing market share. Inventory stratification is an integral part of this process.(1) Optimizing Distributor Profitability Best Practices to a Stronger Bottom Line, by Senthil Gunasekaran, Pradip Krishnadevarajan, F. Barry Lawrence, NAW play for Distribution Excellence 2009.

Chemistry and Anatomy Essay

My life began as a simple and talented student in Geneva. My father was Alphonse Frankenstein, who was a wealthy, rich and benevolent man. I was the first son of my father, Alphonse Frankenstein. My mother Caroline visited a beautiful orphan girl, Elizabeth Lavenza, fair-haired girl. She was adopted by my family and was my cousin. I had cardinal brothers who were very lovely and they loved me and Elizabeth a lot. My best friend was Henry Clerval, who was a considerate man. I became a student of Chemistry and Anatomy in the quest to determine what gives life. I was a young man who led a happy and peaceful life, but the events happened after, made a great limiting to my living.The world according to me was a secret of research, creation and experimenting. I learnt the theories of electricity and galvanization. I similarly initiated a theory of how to create human race life employ the principles of electricity. I became devoted to the human creation and the spark of life that I ha d abandoned earlier. I asked my University for specimens to acquit my creation. I figured out what gives life.I induce begged my University for specimens. They say Ive had all their best material for years, and produced no social function to show for it.I feel that I have begged my University for some specimens to make my creation, but they refused to make me the specimens because they say that they have given all the best pieces of specimens to me for creating nothing. Finally, I got the tree trunk parts from the graveyard. Then I went out without my meals to buy some chemicals. I took the carcass parts from the corpses. I stored my chemicals and specimens in the dissecting room so that it would be safe. I constructed a giant man, 8 feet tall, with super human strength and endurance from harvested body parts that I took from the corpses. I worked secretly without rest for almost a year.I can tell you that I was a bit disappointed with my creation. My accurate creation was a f rightening disaster. My creation was a result of horror.No, this isnt what I wanted. Oh, dear god, what have I done?I was not at all happy with my monstrous creation. So, I rejected, abandoned and left him away. I was also scared, frightened and afraid of him. I also avoided my scientific studies because it remained me about the blackened experiment. I wanted him to help and like mankind. This was not what I expected. I wanted my creation to be helpful rather than being a nuisance. My inflammation soon changed when my creature came into life.My lovely, little brother William was murdered by my creation, the fiend. Elizabeth cried a lot and I was not able to convince her. She also told me that my five- year-old brother, William and she went for a walk. She also told me that she saw William disappear. She was searching for him all over. I examined what had happened and found out that it was the monster, who was responsible for the murder of my brother. I was very angry with the beh aviour of my creation. I created him to help human life and not to destroy them.He came to my room. I was very angry at him and wanted to destroy him. He told me to control my temper and he asked me to take heed to him. He told me that the only person to be kind to him was Agathe, a young blind lady. The other villagers chased him away through their dogs. He also told me that his intention towards William was not to kill him. Then he explained to me about what had happened. He told me,I put my hands to his mouth to silence him, because I was afraid.The monster asked William to play with him for a while. But William shouted and refused to play with him. So, he just kept his hands in Williams mouth to silence him and request him to play with him. He also convinced me by telling the truth, but I am very sad that my brother is being murdered by my creation.I was asked by the monster to make a bride to the monster. I agreed to him because as a creator, I should have to fulfill the wishe s of my creation. He said to me that,I am alone and moving man will not associate with me but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create.He conveyed me his feelings of how it was to be alone without a companion or a comrade. He also gave me twain years time to make a complete creation. He also told me that he would not trouble me in the time in between. I repulsed myself to make a bride for the monster. I wanted to finish the bride before marrying Elizabeth. I was also worried that the monster may harm my family. I still found it exhausting to make the second monster. I made it because he told me that he wanted to love. I also made it, but this creation was spoilt by the monster, himself. The thing where he went wrong was, giving wrong wire connections to the creation and made it destroy.I explained to him that,Shell never live now Monster, what have you done?H e legal opinion that he knew to make his own creation. He acted over- smart by giving the wrong wire connections and destroying his bride by himself. I beautifully laid out the bride in white colour clothes, to symbolize that she was going to get married. There is no use for him to commit the murders of Elizabeth and Clerval, by knowing that was his fault.I was really angry when he killed my brother, William. Then, he explained to me about what had happened. He told me that,I put my hands to his mouth to silence him, because I was afraid.It was my fault to create him and abandon him. Since I have created him I lost my Elizabeth, Clerval and my dear brother William. I got the feelings of how it was to face death. If I think of him, my first thoughts were, why did I create him? I found it like a battle of Evil vs. Good.

7-11 Supply Operations Management

7-11 SOM Study Final Group 1 LRSP 433 butt against 3, 2010 Pledged 3/3/2010 T open of Contents Background2-3 Problem Statement4 Scope5 Service excogitation and Characteristics6 Service epitome and pickaxe7-8 sales business & Forecasting9-11 Breakeven synopsis12-13 Capacity Management (includes Decision Tree)14-15 stocktaking Management and seculars Requirements16 Logistics and Supply Chain Management17 flavour Management and Implementation18-19 Prototype Design20-21 Conclusions & Recommendations22 References23Appendices Tables/Figures/Graphs24 Background Extensive research into 7 Elevens history and circulating(prenominal) status finds in that location is no evidence 7-Eleven has ever had wizard of their retentions leave a learn d cardinal receipts. The caller-up that pioneered the devisal put in concept was founded during 1927 in Dallas, Texas and the concept was ruined during their first five long time of movement. The order was initially an ice company and its retail outlets began selling milk, bread and eggs as a convenience to local guests.Al some 20 years later (1946) the name 7-Eleven originated in when workshops adjusted their hours of operation to 7 a. m. to 11 p. m. (7-Eleven About Us, 2010). 7-Eleven, Inc. has become the worlds largest operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience broths. Based in Dallas, Texas, the company operates, franchises and licenses to a greater extent than 6,970 stores in the U. S. and Canada. The company operates and franchises more than 5,900 (4,550 franchised) stores in the United States and they serve approximately seven one thousand million customers each day. Store count exceeded 36,000 worldwide in April 2009.Internationally, 7-Eleven operates, licenses and affiliates convenience stores in countries including Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia, Norway, Sweden and Denmark (7-Eleven Inc, 2010). 7-Eleven marketing dodging focuses the needs of convenience oriented customers by providing a broad pick of fresh, gritty choice products and function at everyday fair prices, and speedy transactions. Each stores selection of about 2,500 different products and dish outs is adapt to meet the needs and preferences of local customers.Stores typically vary in size of it from 2,400 to 3,000 squ ar feet and are roughly often located on corners for great visibility and easy access. 7-Elevens regimen serving flips a proprietary line of prepared-fresh-daily and daily delivered deli sandwiches, wraps, eat sandwiches and a wide assortment of baked goods. fountainhead known 7-Eleven proprietary products are Big Gulp fountain soft drink, Big Bite lattice items, the Slurpee beverage and fresh-brewed Cafe Select coffee. 7-Eleven is overly one of the nations largest independent plasholine retailers.In summing up to the regimen and gas service, 7-Eleven offers patrons a outlet of conveni ent services designed to meet the peculiar(prenominal) needs of case-by-case neighborhoods, including automated coin orders, copiers, fax machines, automatic teller machines, phone cards and, where available, lottery tickets. Key Milestones * 7-Eleven, Inc. is in private held and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Seven-Eleven Japan Co. , Ltd. in Tokyo, Japan, and its affiliates on Nov. 9, 2005. * Company launched its private-label brand, 7-Select, in 2008 and get outd 32 raw(a) products to stores. 7-Eleven introduced Yosemite Road Wines to their stores * In 2009, 7-Eleven began offering a Hot Foods Menu includes pizza, chicken tenders, chicken wings, falling outfast sausage, egg and cheese quesadillas and hash-brown potatoes. 7-Eleven has become much more innovative since the mid 1990s. They have evolved from a modify retail boldness, with most store co-occurrence functions handled in each geographically organized division by a local management team to the proprietary Re tail Information System (RIS).In 1994 The University of 7-Eleven ( use of goods and services) was natural out of the Merchandising Personnel Expo, a store show and sampling event held once a year and intended to train field merchandising. USE was expanded to include field consultants and market managers and comparable a shot it gives franchisees, store managers and employees a chance to see and taste modernistic products for upcoming seasons that are intended to reference the changing preferences of customers. The merchandising invent for seasonal and high-potential sweet products is also shared.The centralizepiece of the USE is the virtual(prenominal) 7-Eleven store, actual size 7-Eleven floor plans are built to show how seasonal products are assimilated into the standard store mix (7-Eleven About Us, 2010). For upcoming reference, this capability should be the tool whereby the adjustments necessary to accommodate a drive thru capability are visualized and ultimately reali zed. For perspective, as of January 2010, 7-Eleven, Inc. had earned the No. 3 spot on Entrepreneur magazine annual Franchise 500, which ranks top franchise opportunities in the U. S.An obviously healthy formation, this is 7-Elevens seventeenth year to break into the top 10 (7-Eleven Inc, 2010). Problem Statement A major element of 7-11s success is its focus on convenience. By staying open 24 hours a day and offering lively and easy pre-made food items, customers are able to make a speedy stop at the store at any point during the day. 7-11 continues to add to its selection of food items to better compete with fast food restaurants and other convenience stores. However, while 7-11 does compete very well with other convenience stores, the store has a signifi quite a littlet disadvantage competing with fast food chains due to the ack of a drive-thru. Customers may choose to get a line a McDonalds or a Burger King over 7-11 for their beverages and sandwiches, simply due to the fact th at they do not have to get out of the car. Therefore, 7-11 would benefit signifi back endtly from a strategy that allows them to be warlike with the fast food chains while simultaneously capturing a market niche that other convenience stores have no capability in. For that reason, this report analyzes the financial benefit of adding a drive-thru windowpane to already lively 7-11 stores. ScopeThis study analyzes the challenges and benefits of adding a drive-thru window service to existing 7-11 service designs and subsequently offers a look-alike solution for the drive thru service option. abridgment includes detailed service design or redesign of on-going 7-11 service organisations along with examining processes and physical layouts of stores. sales forecasting allow for be used to support closing tree modeling intended to examine strengths and weaknesses of the drive thru service as an alternative to topical 7-11 service (based upon personifys and revenues).The break-eve n point of adding this service is also considered along with numbers required to make a profit. young(prenominal) stores with successful drive-thru services erect be examined for purposes of potentially adopting confusable methods in specific service areas. This flip provides abstract for an efficient queuing system for the drive thru customer and establishing a smooth process for the 7-11 employees to complete the customer orders. This study also examines why 7-11 stores should select specific products for sale finished the drive thru window that are intended to encourage customers to choose 7-11 over competitors.Service Design and Characteristics The 7-Eleven franchise locations across the nation offer the convenience of access to gasoline and groceries. Historically the onus was on the client to retrieve the products sought after, and consequently corrupt the items. The circulating(prenominal) body structure of the 7-Eleven queuing system is the simplest form of singl e channel, single chassis (7-Eleven Inc, 2010). In that the client enters the store and selects the product, waits in line, and then leveragings the item. Depending on the store location, and the ability for paying staff, there are either one or two cashiers.The service of 7-Elevens convenience is hampered by fluctuations of population arrival rates during specific events, and times of day. The exponential distribution of clients assists in ordering products, but it does not repair the service failings when there are long lines, especially compared to the competitor Wawa, Inc. Wawa has twice the amount of gasoline stalls, and cashier capabilities. Customers are able to tacit walk in select product, and gasoline, but do not have to wait as long, because the blend and layout of the Wawa store is set up to handle periods of high vocation.The set up of the 7-Eleven store is such(prenominal) that they are still servicing smaller populations, and are not retrofit to handle higher a mounts of traffic thence 7-Eleven is missing out on opportunities from the clientele that are in need of a speedy sales process. The correction of this lies in altering the service design of the franchise stores. The addition of a drive-thru window would dramatically increase the service capabilities of the franchise locations. This would shift the service flow to a multi-channel single phase process.The addition of a separate external line would benefit the current queuing system the 7-Eleven offers, of just one or two cashiers servicing all clientele. The ability to handle the clientele who are simply purchasing the convenience items, foods, and beverages has the potential to firm the positioning of the organization. Cars passing through a drive-thru would be able to purchase simple items such as coffee, quick 7-Eleven brand foods, Slurpees, and tobacco products.As exampled in the damages analysis the alteration of the retrofit to include a drive-thru window, would require a s tore owner to incur a significant loan to complete the product, but the break-even point would be relatively quick considering the size of investment, and the future return on investment has the potential to increase store sales significantly. The new flow decreases the within traffic, which reduces the amount of irritation a person feels when trying to purchase the signature 7-Eleven items (7-Eleven Inc, 2010). Service Analysis and Selection Service Process Flow chart Service Analysis The Queuing SystemThe 7-Eleven Drive-Thru queue system go forth be a simple first come, first served system. This willing simplify queue system discipline. The line structure will be a single channel, single phase the simplest type of hold line structure. We will make the following assumptions for our drive-thru model * An arrival rate of sixteen cars (customers) per hour * A customer service rate of three* transactions per unit or twenty per hour * Poisson arrivals and exponential service We can now de nameine the following * Utilization of the drive-thru operator(s) * amount out number delay in line come number in the system * Average waiting time in line * Average waiting time in the system, including service * Average employ of the drive-thru operator(s) is 80%. The sightly number in the waiting line is 3. 2 cars. The average number in the system is 4 cars. The average waiting time in line is 12 minutes. The average waiting time in the system is 15 minutes. Our new store layout provides limited quadriceps handiness and we want to keep our customers safe and provide acceptable service. We would like to ensure, with 95% certainty that no more than 4 cars will be in the system at any time.The toast level of service for the four car limit is 67. 2%. Therefore, the probability of having more than four cars in the system is 32. 8 %. The operator(s) must attain a service level of 29 cars per hour to provide a 95% confidence that no more than four cars will be in the s ystem. The current operator rate is 20 per hour the rate will improve because we will provide a limited selection of items for our drive-thru customers and acceptance of electronic payment will increase qualification also. *Approximately three minutes per customer is the drive-thru national average ime for customer service (Baker, 2009). Sales and Production Forecasting Sales and Production Forecasting (cont) Sales and Production Forecasting (cont) Individual Product Sales Changes due to Drive-Thru Window Breakeven Analysis As the store stands, the breakeven point of current sales is 23,809. The table to a lower place assumes a monthly fixed cost of $42,618 with no addition to the store, with an average unit variable cost of $1. 21 per unit and an average selling price of $3. 00 per unit. If the lease holder decides to add the drive through window, the estimated cost of construction will run $400,000.As the store does not have this amount of cash, a loan will need to be taken to c over costs. Fortunately, the store is able to gain a loan for 5 years at 6% interest. Due to the change magnitude size of the building and surplus employees and infrastructure, the fixed costs increase from $42,618 to $66,025 or an increase of 55%. However, because of the drive through window the store will be selling higher profit adjustment goods such as coffee, fountain drinks, store drinks and cigarettes in greater volume, the variable cost per transaction will decrease from 1. 21 to $0. 91 and the average selling price will also decrease to $2. 65.These values hold the required profit margin percentage relatively constant while increasing profits through increased unit sales. The chart below assumes a monthly fixed cost of $66,025 plus $400,000 loan (Financed 5 years, 6% Int = $7,773/month), an average variable cost of $0. 91 per unit and an average selling price of $2. 65. The difference between break even points is reduced from 23,809 additional units exchange to 20,84 7 cover the cost of the loan amount. Therefore, if the store can withstand finiancing for the $400,000 loan, then the investment will be profitable both in the short and long term periods. Capacity ManagementCapacity planning for our 7-Eleven drive thru was mostly completed in the Service Analysis section where the service rate was calculated. Based on our customer service rate of three minutes per customer (vehicle), the maximum power of our drive thru is twenty cars per hour or theoretically, 174,720 vehicles per year. However, call for will not dictate that the drive thru operate at sustained maximum capacity at all times. Jacobs and chamfer determines that the best operating point for a service is near 70 percent of the maximum capacity for the best balance between rate of service utilization and service quality (Jacobs & Chase, 2009).In our present queuing model, the operator utilization rate is 80 percent. The zone between 70% and 100% of capacity is the scathing zone whe re customers will get processed through the line but service quality will decline. Above 100% capacity, the line will back up and many customers will probably not be served at all. We can safely lower the projected customer arrival rate from 16 vehicles per hour to 15 vehicles per hour which will calculate to an operator utilization rate of 75 percent while still defending a customer service rate of three minutes or less.The queuing system will now be revised * Average utilization of drive thru operator(s) is 70% * Average number of customers waiting in line is 2. 25 * Average number of customers in the system is 3 * Average waiting time in line is 9 minutes * Average waiting time in the system is 12 minutes The remainder of the queuing system data remains unchanged because we will still operate at a 95% certainty that no more than 4 cars will be in the system at any time. At 75% capacity the customers can be served chop-chop and accurately.The remaining 25% unused capacity can be utilized in valued added trading operations such as facility clean-up and maintenance, refilling refreshment tables or shelf stocking. Considering the volatility of customer demand throughout the daily cycle, this is a good balance. The breakeven analysis determined that an addition 20,847 units need be sold monthly to cover the cost of the loan amount for the drive thru addition. At 75% operator utilization rate, the drive thru has the capacity to serve 10,920 vehicles per month. Capacity Management Decision Tree Analysis 1) realize drive-thru addition to existing store at a cost of $400,000. 0. Offer a limited assortment of targeted items to drive-thru selection. Sales of 401400 (33,450 x 12) units per year for 5 years at average unit cost of $2. 63 is $1,055. 682. 00. prospect is 80% for $4. 88 million in revenue . 20% for $2. 77 million in revenue. 2) Build drive -thru addition to existing store at a cost of $400,000. 00. Discontinue walk-in service, provide limited assortm ent of items. Sales of 240,000 (20,000 x 12) units per year for 5 years at average cost of $2. 63 is $631,200. 00. Probability is 80% for $2. 76 million in revenue, 20% for $1. 49 million in revenue. ) Do nothing. Sales of 300,000 (25,000 x 12) units per year at an average unit cost of $3. 00 is $900,000. Probability is 80% for $4. 5 million in revenue, 20% for $2. 7 million in revenue. Inventory Management and Material Requirements 7-11 has already implemented an effective inventory management system. The Retail Information System (RIS) was developed in the early 1990s to maintain store inventory and manage product ordering. Initially nominated as an bill system, the RIS has been developed to track sales information and determine the success of each product.Therefore, the RIS enables store operators to stay in stock, order best-selling and delete slow-moving items, (Store, 2010). The RIS uses a bar code scanner and touch riddle point-of-sale registers to scan products and track when they are being sold. This system allows store operators to easily obtain current stock quantities and determine which products are selling well. As the stock decreases, managers use Mobile Ordering Terminals to order items that are moving and delete items that are not selling (Store, 2010).Since 7-11s RIS has been successfully established as an effective form of product management, this report does not recommend implementing any additional inventory systems to maintain the stock. While the inventory system would not have to change, there would be a few new material requirements for adding a drive-thru service to 7-11. The stores may require additional registers and coming back space to account for the new layout designed around the window. Furthermore, stores may need to order more stands and coolers to display the food products closer to the counter so that they are in a convenient location for the employees running the window.Finally, the 7-11 will need to create the drive- thru menu for customers to view before they order. Logistics and Supply Chain Management Location Selection The current requirements for the selection of optimum locations depend on the traffic of the area, and design of the store. The urban locations have a high foot-traffic requirement, and therefore would not be an optimal choice for this conversion. The free standing stores in strip-mall locations would not be a desirable location either, due to the fact that the structure is not owned by 7-Eleven.The prime locations for the 7-Eleven with the drive-thru would be the locations that are free standing, with give the axe capabilities these stores have the option of being retro-fit or built-to-suit. The traffic requirements for these locations are as listed 1. Trade area demographics(a) Heavy density within ? mile radius 5,000 or more residents/workers per full-strength mile in the trade area (b) Lack of low priced gas brands within ? mile 2. affair(a) 25,000 vehicles per day pa ssing the site 3. Activity Generators(a) Mixture of residential, commercial, office, Industrial (b) Freeway orientation preferable (c) favorable 24 hour uses 4.Site Characteristics(a) Corner location with traffic signal or shopping center pad location (b) 25,000 to 50,000 sq. ft. space preferred (c) High visibility and excellent accessibility with typical gas station access far corner and no road medians preferred (d) 2,000 to 3,000 sq. ft store size min. 1,800 sq. ft selling space (e) Spacious and convenient ingress, egress, and in-lot maneuverability (f) Ability to sell beer and wine preferred (g) 24 hour operation required There would still need to be a high density of population, and traffic for the new sites. Traffic and activity generators would also be the same.The primary alteration would be the need to select a site that can support the new feature. The square foot space preferred would need to be altered to include the drive-thru space of the store, and extra pavement outside. Traffic flow would also have to be managed in a way that would make the inside of the store as accessible as before, in addition to allowing the gasoline purchase to still be maintained. This would necessitate an additional 10,000 sq. ft. for the pavement, in addition to the extra 500 to 1,000 sq. ft. of space added to the store (Store RIS, 2010). Supply Chain ManagementThe current supply method for 7-Eleven is a Just-In-Time (JIT) method, and it begins with the Retail Information System (RIS). The store owner will be able to order the extra inventory needed to stock the drive-thru in addition to the regular intimate sales, with the click of a button on this system. Supplies currently are delivered throughout the day, depending on the items needed and the suppliers schedules. The alteration of the select stores utilizing the drive-thru window increase of supplies needed, and subsequently would require an increase of deliveries to the store.The alteration would reach each segment of the supply chain, beginning with the centrally located distribution center, and filtering out to the distributors. This impact would also increase of demand from suppliers in each link similar to the economic concept of a money multiplier. There would not be an extreme alteration of supply chain management, considering only select stores will have this option (Store RIS, 2010). Quality Management and Implementation The breadth and depth of current 7-Eleven systems and processes should allow for an dewy-eyed carrying out of a new Drive-Thru service.To support this position the following analysis and discussion is offered. 7-Eleven is not an ISO-9000 company however it is a very innovative and well managed company. And though 7-Eleven is not ISO 9000 certified their most central business processes align with the management principles of the ISO standards and Total Quality Management objectives. There is nothing in the 7-Eleven history that clearly states they have a Qua lity Management System however several of their internal systems and processes check to a Quality Management System because of the practicable areas they control (Jacobs & Chase, 2009).A recent 7-Eleven bodied line opening announcement for a Continuous Improvement tutor (CI) stipulated Six Sigma certification was a desired qualification. A CI Manager would be expected to participate with division level managers in bodily process improvement events at various facilities. The CI Manager would also be responsible for death penalty process overhaul, and upgrading programs for the organization at local levels. In addition, the CI Manager would be responsible for coaching, functional reproduction, communications, and identifying and transferring best practices externally and internally (Jobs in DFW, 2010).Thus, 7-Eleven does recognize and embrace the benefits of Six Sigma certification. Foremost in enormousness to quality management and process improvement for any organization is its IT infrastructure. Accordingly, 7-Eleven commissioned Hewlett Packard (HP) to assist in analyzing their IT requirements and then developing an IT infrastructure that supported all of 7-Elevens needs. The 7-Eleven CIO ultimately approved the HP Adaptive Enterprise dodge as the company IT solution. The AE Strategy enhances system wide agility and improves productivity and service. -Eleven management views the AE Strategy as differentiating their company from other organizations in the way they run their stores, select and distribute products, work with suppliers, serve customers and air to key stakeholders. Other key 7-Eleven systems identified and analyzed in this report leverage the overarching AE infrastructure to actualize their varied processes (7-Eleven Inc, 2010). The Retail Information Systems (RIS) uses AE infrastructure servers, switches, printers, and monitors to drive all of their system processes on a 4/7 basis. As noted earlier in the background section 7-Eleven i s one of the nations largest independent gasoline retailers and tied into the AE infrastructure is the FuelQuest Fuel Management System (FMS) that 7-Eleven uses to remotely monitor tank inventories, forecast fuel replenishment, manage fuel-supplier contracts, perform best-buy, fuel-pricing analysis, ensure environmental compliance and to dispatch and receive fuel deliveries (7-Eleven Inc, 2004).The University of 7-Eleven (USE) could arguably be the key component in 7-Elevens quality management processes and essential to the successful implementation of a new Drive-Thru service. The USE was discussed in some detail during the background section so just a few key attributes that could be leveraged to facilitate implementation of a new Drive-Thru service will be highlighted here. The USE is a great tool for examination and quality implementation of change. 7-Eleven senior management employs the USE to introduce new ideas and to start standardization of product selections, merchandising and operations.They entangle all levels of management, marketing, field consultants, franchisees, and employees in the USE, providing everyone an prospect to see and taste new products, and review recommended merchandising plans for seasonal and high-potential new products. The centerpiece of the USE, and perhaps most beneficial to supporting the Drive-Thru concept is the Virtual 7-Eleven store an actual size 7-Eleven floor plan designed to show how products are assimilated into the standard store mix (7-Eleven About Us, 2010). This capability should be leveraged as the means through which the new Drive-Thru service is modeled.Physical structure of a facility with a Drive-Thru service could easily be modeled, thereby allowing for examination of internal re-design or process changes/improvements necessary for the new concept. Although 7-Eleven does not fly a TQM flag above their corporate headquarters, their key management systems and processes indicate they adhere to an organiz ation wide commitment to continuous work improvement and meeting customers needs, with continuous effort to improve quality whenever and wherever possible an approach that defines the basic tenets of TQM.A benefit from this should be a successful implementation of a new Drive-Thru service. Prototype Design Current 7-Eleven Store Layout & Design New 7-Eleven Drive-Thru Prototype Layout & Design Conclusions and Recommendations The option to expand an individual 7-Eleven store with a Drive-Thu window will not only develop a more profitable scenario for the individual lease holder, it may also stand as a positive example for implementing profitable innovations through the 7-Elenve convenience store network and company structure.Based on preliminary financial analysis a $400,000 investment in a drive through window will greatly increase fixed costs, will dramatically increase profits through increased average transaction sales and a reduction in variable costs due to availability of pro ducts offered. The main sections of the 7-Eleven store will remain the same, but the drive-thru window will provide customers specific goods such as coffee, soft drinks and cigarettes which represent the stores highest volume and highest marginal profit items.The profits generated from the addition will provide customers a greater value by offering them the benefits of remaining in their car to obtain most of the same goods and services typically available in the store. If the venture is successful, it is very likely corporate support will be granted resulting in additional Drive-Thru locations throughout the country. To properly implement these changes, additional dressing and support structures already exist within The University of 7-Eleven (USE).The USE is the principal change management tool for 7-Eleven and therefore should be the centerpiece for managing implementation of the Drive-Thru Service. The company currently uses the USEto introduce new products and processes, they educate and involve employees, managers, and suppliers in the USE, and the Virtual Store is precisely what should be used to model our Drive-Thru Service & Prototype. Proper training is the first step for educating current store lease holders to achieve success.To further incentivize and expand national 7-Eleven sales, corporate financing should be made available to encourage private lease holders to expand their businesses with the Drive-Thru service. In addition, 7-Eleven can assist individual lease holder by providing common construction plans, operations managers and breakeven data from similar sized and market stores to paint a better picture of the profitability of expansion. These trends will provide customers higher value while creating better profits for individual store as well as the organization as a whole.References 7 Eleven About Us. (2010). Retrieved February 10, 2010, from http//www. 7-eleven. com/AboutUs/tabid/73/Default. aspx 7-Eleven Inc. Climbs to No. 3 Spot. (2 010). Retrieved February 11, 2010, from http//www. 7-eleven. com/NewsRoom/7ElevenIncClimbstoNo3Spot/tabid/360/Default. aspx. 7-Eleven, Inc. , Selects FuelQuest/PDI for Gasoline Inventory Management and Accounting System PR Newswire. (2004). Retrieved February 25, 2010, from http//www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-123232449. html Baker, B. (2009).Chic-fil-A wins 6th drive-thru title. QSR Magazine. Retrieved February 19, 2010 from www. qsrmagazine. com/reports/drive-thru_time_study/ Franchise Opportunities Mall. (2010). Retrieved February 11, 2010, from 7-Eleven http//www. franchiseopportunitiesmall. com/Best_Franchise_Opportunities. asp? ID=2682 Gillespie, E. M. (2005). Starbucks sees growing demand for drive-thru coffee. Retrieved February 20, 2010 from mesh site http//www. usatoday. com/money/ industries/food/2005-12-24-starbucksdrivethru_x. htm. Jacobs, R. F. & Chase, R. B. (2009). Operations and supply management The core. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jobs in DFW LocalHelpWanted-C ontinuous Improvement Manager Help Wanted ads-Continuous Improvement Manager Local Help Wanted-Continuous Improvement Manager Jobs-Continuous Improvement Manager Careers. (2010). Retrieved February 21, 2010, from http//www. localhelpwanted. net/dfw/job/Continuous-Improvement-Manager-Dallas-TX-75219-USA/lhw-e0-3741966/ Real Estate Requirements. (2010). Retrieved February 27, 2010, from http//www. 7-eleven. om/RealEstate/RealEstateRequirements/tabid/181/Default. aspx. Store retail information system. (2010). Retrieved February 23, 2010 from Web site http//www. 7-eleven. com/NewsRoom/BackgroundInformation/ StoreRetailInformationSystem/tabid/159/Default. aspx. Appendices Service Process Flowchart7 Sales and Production Forecasting9-11 Individual Product Sales Changes due to Drive-Thru Window11 Breakeven Analysis Graphs12-13 Capacity Management Decision Tree15 7-Eleven Current Store Layout20 7-Eleven Drive-Thru Prototype Design21